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Test Cards > GEI Exam 1 > Flashcards

GEI Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Environment

A

external physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives

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2
Q

sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present while ensuring the future generations will have the same or better quality of life

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3
Q

What are the impacts humans have had on the environment?

A

-higher rates of extinction
-higher rates of fossil fuel extraction
-ecosystem impacts like pollution and altered river courses

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4
Q

Why have humans had such large impacts?

A

-mechanization of industry and ag, along with inequalities in resource consumption
-exponential human growth
-unnatural materials (CFCs, PCB, and plastics)

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5
Q

ecological footprint (EF)

A

a measure of per capita consumption, tells us how much land is needed to support human activities. indicates sustainability of lifestyles

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6
Q

EF of average American

A

0.02 sq mi

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7
Q

frontier ethic

A

assumes unlimited supply of resources

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8
Q

sustainability ethic

A

acknowledges limit of resources and encourages conservation

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9
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

describes what happens when unlimited self-interest depletes a shared resource

  • common pasture used by all herdsman
  • one brings extra cattle to make extra money
  • land is overgrazed, pasture is useless
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10
Q

NIMBY principle

A

“not in my backyard”: communities want to enjoy benefits of waste disposal or power supply, but don’t want environmental impacts

e.g. Yucca Mountain

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11
Q

energy

A

ability to do work

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12
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy -> C6H12O+ energy

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13
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions that take place inside an organism’s cells

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14
Q

global significance of photosynthesis

A
  1. transform light energy to chem energy
  2. create oxygen
  3. converts CO2 into sugars
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15
Q

Atmosphere composition

A

21% Oxygen 78% Nitrogen

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16
Q

population

A

all individuals of the same species in a certain area

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17
Q

community

A

all populations in a certain area

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18
Q

ecosystem

A

all communities plus abiotic parts of environment

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19
Q

biosphere

A

all ecosystems

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20
Q

categories of ecosystems

A

-marine
-freshwater
-terrestrial

21
Q

ocean surface area

A

75% of Earth’s

22
Q

What contributes 40% of oxygen production?

A

marine phytoplankton

23
Q

freshwater surface area

A

1.8%

24
Q

terrestrial groups

A

biomes: tropical rainforests, deserts, etc.

25
Q

autotroph

A

produce own food

26
Q

photoautotrophs

A

gets energy from sunlight

27
Q

chemoautotrophs

A

liver near deep sea hydrothermal vents, get energy from chem. compounds

28
Q

heterotroph

A

obtains energy by consuming other organisms

29
Q

food chain

A

sequence of organisms at different trophic levels that nutrients and energy pass through

30
Q

biomagnification

A

increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms at successive trophic levels (accumulates in fat reserves)

-DDT from fish to bald eagles

31
Q

biogeochemical carbon cycle

A

movement of carbon through land, water, and air (stored for long periods in carbon reservoirs)

32
Q

eutrophication

A

excess N and P from fertilizer runoff and sewage that results in excess algae and plant growth, which leads to their decay and death to take up all the oxygen

33
Q

hypoxic

A

lack of oxygen in water that kills fish

34
Q

population ecology

A

studies the interactions between populations and environment

35
Q

population size

A

total number of individuals (N)

36
Q

population density

A

number of individuals living in a specific area

37
Q

exponential growth model

A

N grows without limits

G = r * N

38
Q

G

A

population growth rate

39
Q

r

A

per capita rate of increase (how much each individual contributes to population)

40
Q

shape of exponential growth

A

J-shape

41
Q

logistic growth model

A

includes limits to population size that become more effective as population size increases

G= r * N * (1-N/K)

42
Q

shape of logistic growth

A

S-shape

43
Q

K

A

carrying capacity

44
Q

K-selected

A

species adapted to stable environments

fewer offspring with more care

45
Q

r-selected

A

species adapted to unstable environments

large numbers of offspring and low parental care

46
Q

limiting factors of population

A

density-dependent

density-independent

47
Q

density-dependent limiting factor

A

predation, inter- intraspecific competition, accumulation of waste, diseases

48
Q

density-independent limiting factor

A

weather extremes, natural disasters, pollution

49
Q
A

Test Cards (9 decks)

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