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NBCE Part 3 > GD-Thorax And Lungs > Flashcards

GD-Thorax And Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Barrel chest

A

AP=lateral diameter 1 to 1 ratio

COPD and cystic fibrosis

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2
Q

Pectus excavatum

AKA funnel chest

A

March depression at sternum

“Sunken in”

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3
Q

Pectus carinatum

AKA pigeon chest

A

Forward protrusion of sternum

“Keel of ship”

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4
Q

Techypnea

A

Rapid shallow breathing

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5
Q

Breaypnea

A

Slow breathing

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6
Q

Biots breathing

A

Quick shallow inspirations by followed by irregular periods of apnea (no pattern)
👀 Neurologic conditions like head injuries

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7
Q

Cheyene Stokes respiration

A

Alternating periods of apnea & hyperpnea (pattern) respiratory acidosis
Normal during sleep

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8
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

First breathing is rapid and shallow as metabolic acidosis worsens gradually becomes deep slow labored with gasping
Air hunger
👀 Diabetic acidosis

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9
Q

Pitted nails

A

Inguinal indentations

Psoriasis-Silver scales, pitted nails

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10
Q

Splinter hemorrhage on nails

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Strep infection around heart

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11
Q

Beau’s lines on nails

A

Transverse ridging

Occurs after acute severe disease occurs

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12
Q

Paronychia

A

Inflammation of nail fold near cuticle

Around nail

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13
Q

Clubbing of nails

A

Nail base greater than 180 degrees
Hypoxia (early) COPD (late)
MCC bronchial genetic carcinoma

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14
Q

Koilonychia

A

Spoon nail

Iron deficiency anemia

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15
Q

Rails/ crackles

A

Small clicking bubbling or rattling sounds
Are opens closed air spaces
Moist dry fine and coarse
bronchitis

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16
Q

Rhonchi

A

Resemble snoring
Air is blocked or becomes rough through large airways
Bronchiectasis

17
Q

Wheezes

A

High pitched do to narrowed airways
Heard on exhalation
Asthma Young
Emphysema old

18
Q

Stridor

A

Wheeze like sound
Heard on inspiration
Blockage of airflow
Croup

19
Q

Bronchophony

A

PT says 99

Clear distinct sounds heard = consolidation

20
Q

Egophony

A

Hear aaaa as eeee said = consolidation

21
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

Clearly hear 1 2 3 = consolidation

22
Q

Friedlander’s pneumonia

A

Productive red currant jelly sputum
Cause klebsiella pneumonia
👀 Old age or immunocompromised, alcoholics

23
Q

Pneumocystis carinii/jarioveci

A

Cause yeast/fungus

👀 AIDS

24
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Cause CMV

👀 AIDS, pregnant women

25
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Cause mycobacterium tuberculosis
PP low grade fever night sweats productive cough yellow green sputum
Small white lesions ghon lesions on x-rays
Positive tine test mantoux test
Purified protein derivative
Definitive test is sputum culture
Starts in Apex of lungs then spreads

26
Q

Pleurisy/pleuritis

A

Inflammation of pleura
Produces exudative pleural effusion
PP stabbing chest pain worse with respiration
Dry non productive cough
Decreased respiratory excursion and tactile fremitus dull percussion
Friction rub
Positive schepelmann test (pain convex side)

27
Q

Pneumothorax

A

MCC rupture of bleps
Ruptured lung causing air trapped in pleural space
Decreased chest expansion tactile fremitus breath sounds
Hyperresonance on percussion
Young tall skinny healthy individuals spontaneous

28
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung= bronchial obstruction due to mucus plug
Decreased tactile fremitus, chest expansion absent breath sounds
dull percussion

29
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Cause repeated pulmonary infections

Irreversible focal bronchial dilation w/ chronic productive cough

30
Q

Chronic bronchitis

AKA COPD

A

Long-term cough with mucus
Shortness of breath and wheezing
MCC Cigarette smoking
Long exposure to chemical fumes dust and other substances may also cause

31
Q

Asthma

A

Bronchospasm constricting airways
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction triggered by airborne allergens
PP tachycardia tachypnea decreased tactile fremitus and wheezing
Eosinophils and IgE rise (allergic response)
Labs curschmann spirals charcot Laden crystals

32
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue=permanent dilation of alveoli air sacs
Cause deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin
PP decreased tactile fremitus hyperresonance on percussion to beast breath sounds and wheezing

33
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

AKA primary lung cancer

A

Primary malignant lung tumor starts in bronchus
Long-term history of smoking 20 to 30 years
PP coughing non-productive more than 30 days a febrile dispigna weight loss without trying clubbing of fingernails
CT for lung issue

34
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage connection between ribs and sternum
Consequence of physical activity worse with exercise
Increase pain when taking a deep breath
Palpable tenderness third fourth and fifth costo sternal articulation
Tender but no visual
Similar to tietze syndrome
Can be chronic

35
Q

Herpes zoster

A 
shingles
Painful rash follows dermatone
Most common thoracic spine
Dorsal root ganglion prior chickenpox infection
Cranial nerve 5
36
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Abnormal collections of inflammatory cells form nodules
Appear in lungs or lymph nodes
👀 African descent in u.s.
X-ray bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

37
Q

Hodgkins

A

Lymphatic system cancer spreads to the spleen
MC young Caucasian males
KP fever night sweats weight loss intense pleuritis enlarged spleen
Diagnosed with biopsy Reed Sternberg cells
Increase pain when drinking alcohol

38
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

COPD barrel chest
Chronic progressive fatal genetic disease of mucous glands
Glands produce or secrete sweat and mucus
Thick accumulations of mucus in intestines and lungs
Loss of excessive amounts of salt (salty baby)
Pancreatic insufficiency
Meconium ileus neonatal bowel obstruction

39
Q

Rusty Brown sputum

A

Lobar pneumonia

NBCE Part 3 (9 decks)

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