GD-Thorax And Lungs Flashcards
Barrel chest
AP=lateral diameter 1 to 1 ratio
COPD and cystic fibrosis
Pectus excavatum
AKA funnel chest
March depression at sternum
“Sunken in”
Pectus carinatum
AKA pigeon chest
Forward protrusion of sternum
“Keel of ship”
Techypnea
Rapid shallow breathing
Breaypnea
Slow breathing
Biots breathing
Quick shallow inspirations by followed by irregular periods of apnea (no pattern)
👀 Neurologic conditions like head injuries
Cheyene Stokes respiration
Alternating periods of apnea & hyperpnea (pattern) respiratory acidosis
Normal during sleep
Kussmaul’s breathing
First breathing is rapid and shallow as metabolic acidosis worsens gradually becomes deep slow labored with gasping
Air hunger
👀 Diabetic acidosis
Pitted nails
Inguinal indentations
Psoriasis-Silver scales, pitted nails
Splinter hemorrhage on nails
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Strep infection around heart
Beau’s lines on nails
Transverse ridging
Occurs after acute severe disease occurs
Paronychia
Inflammation of nail fold near cuticle
Around nail
Clubbing of nails
Nail base greater than 180 degrees
Hypoxia (early) COPD (late)
MCC bronchial genetic carcinoma
Koilonychia
Spoon nail
Iron deficiency anemia
Rails/ crackles
Small clicking bubbling or rattling sounds
Are opens closed air spaces
Moist dry fine and coarse
bronchitis
Rhonchi
Resemble snoring
Air is blocked or becomes rough through large airways
Bronchiectasis
Wheezes
High pitched do to narrowed airways
Heard on exhalation
Asthma Young
Emphysema old
Stridor
Wheeze like sound
Heard on inspiration
Blockage of airflow
Croup
Bronchophony
PT says 99
Clear distinct sounds heard = consolidation
Egophony
Hear aaaa as eeee said = consolidation
Whispered pectoriloquy
Clearly hear 1 2 3 = consolidation
Friedlander’s pneumonia
Productive red currant jelly sputum
Cause klebsiella pneumonia
👀 Old age or immunocompromised, alcoholics
Pneumocystis carinii/jarioveci
Cause yeast/fungus
👀 AIDS
Cytomegalovirus
Cause CMV
👀 AIDS, pregnant women
Tuberculosis
Cause mycobacterium tuberculosis
PP low grade fever night sweats productive cough yellow green sputum
Small white lesions ghon lesions on x-rays
Positive tine test mantoux test
Purified protein derivative
Definitive test is sputum culture
Starts in Apex of lungs then spreads
Pleurisy/pleuritis
Inflammation of pleura
Produces exudative pleural effusion
PP stabbing chest pain worse with respiration
Dry non productive cough
Decreased respiratory excursion and tactile fremitus dull percussion
Friction rub
Positive schepelmann test (pain convex side)
Pneumothorax
MCC rupture of bleps
Ruptured lung causing air trapped in pleural space
Decreased chest expansion tactile fremitus breath sounds
Hyperresonance on percussion
Young tall skinny healthy individuals spontaneous
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung= bronchial obstruction due to mucus plug
Decreased tactile fremitus, chest expansion absent breath sounds
dull percussion
Bronchiectasis
Cause repeated pulmonary infections
Irreversible focal bronchial dilation w/ chronic productive cough
Chronic bronchitis
AKA COPD
Long-term cough with mucus
Shortness of breath and wheezing
MCC Cigarette smoking
Long exposure to chemical fumes dust and other substances may also cause
Asthma
Bronchospasm constricting airways
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction triggered by airborne allergens
PP tachycardia tachypnea decreased tactile fremitus and wheezing
Eosinophils and IgE rise (allergic response)
Labs curschmann spirals charcot Laden crystals
Emphysema
Destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue=permanent dilation of alveoli air sacs
Cause deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin
PP decreased tactile fremitus hyperresonance on percussion to beast breath sounds and wheezing
Bronchogenic carcinoma
AKA primary lung cancer
Primary malignant lung tumor starts in bronchus
Long-term history of smoking 20 to 30 years
PP coughing non-productive more than 30 days a febrile dispigna weight loss without trying clubbing of fingernails
CT for lung issue
Costochondritis
Inflammation of cartilage connection between ribs and sternum
Consequence of physical activity worse with exercise
Increase pain when taking a deep breath
Palpable tenderness third fourth and fifth costo sternal articulation
Tender but no visual
Similar to tietze syndrome
Can be chronic
Herpes zoster
shingles Painful rash follows dermatone Most common thoracic spine Dorsal root ganglion prior chickenpox infection Cranial nerve 5
Sarcoidosis
Abnormal collections of inflammatory cells form nodules
Appear in lungs or lymph nodes
👀 African descent in u.s.
X-ray bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Hodgkins
Lymphatic system cancer spreads to the spleen
MC young Caucasian males
KP fever night sweats weight loss intense pleuritis enlarged spleen
Diagnosed with biopsy Reed Sternberg cells
Increase pain when drinking alcohol
Cystic fibrosis
COPD barrel chest
Chronic progressive fatal genetic disease of mucous glands
Glands produce or secrete sweat and mucus
Thick accumulations of mucus in intestines and lungs
Loss of excessive amounts of salt (salty baby)
Pancreatic insufficiency
Meconium ileus neonatal bowel obstruction
Rusty Brown sputum
Lobar pneumonia
