GD-Eyes Flashcards by Jesslyn Marie

Scaly eyebrows

Seborrhea

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Loss of the lateral 1/3 of eyebrow

Myxoedema

AKA: hypothyroidism

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Quantitative loss of eyebrow

Normal with age

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Icterus

Jaundice

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Adie’s pupil

Sluggish pupillary reaction
Unilateral
Parasympathetic lesion of CN III

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Anisocoria

Unequal pupil size
Physiologic pharmacologic pathologic or traumatic
May be used to describe Horner’s

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Argyll Robertson pupil

Bilaterally small irregular pupils
Accommodate but does not react to light
AKA: Prostitutes pupil=syphilis

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Arroyo sign

Sluggish pupillary reaction

Due to hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease)

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Blepharitis

Eyelid inflammation

Seen w/ seborrhea, staph infection & inflammatory processes

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Cataracts

Lens opacities
Common with diabetes and elderly
Absent red light reflex
Blurred or clouded vision

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Chalazion

Meibomian gland infection
Nodule on inside of lid
Not painful

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Conjunctiva

Pink =normal
Pale= anemia
Bright red= infection (superficial)

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Corneal arcus

Grayish opaque ring around cornea

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Arcus sinilis

Normal in elderly

Under 40 hypercholesterolemia

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Diabetic retinopathy

Primarily affects veins
Microaneurysms
Hard exudates
Neovascularization
Early sign cotton wool patches 
Can lead to blindness

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Ectropion

Eyelid turned outward

MC seen in elderly

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Entropion

Lid turned inward

MC seen in elderly

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Exophthalmosis

Lid lag/failure (doesn’t cover eyeball)
Graves= bilateral
tumor= unilateral

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure
Cupping of optic disc
Blurring of vision especially peripheral fields
Rings around lights
Crescent sign present upon transgentil light
Increase in aqueous humor

Hordoleum (sty)

Sebaceous Gland infection
Outside Lid=pimple or boil
Painful

Horner syndrome

Ptosis miosis anhydrosis
Same side as interruption to cervical sympathetics
Pancoast tumor
Anisocoria (different size pupil)

Hypertensive retinopathy

Retinal vessels/back ground damage
Copper wire deformity
Silver wire deformity
AV nicking
Flame hemorrhages
Cotton wool soft exudate

Internal ophthalmoplegia

Dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation
No reaction to light or accommodation
Multiple sclerosis

Iritis/uveitis

Iris inflammation

Ankylosing spondylitis

Macular degeneration

MCC blindness in elderly Central vision loss Early sign= Macular drusen (made of lipids)

Miosis

Fixed and constricted pupils React to light and accommodate Seen with severe brain damage, pilocarpine meds, narcotic use

Mydriasis

Dilated fixed pupils 👀 Anticholinergic drugs (atropine/mushroom/death)

Papilledema | AKA choked disc

Optic disc swelling Due to increased intracranial pressure No visual loss 👀 Brain tumor or brain hemorrhage

Periorbital edema

Swelling around | 👀 Allergies, myxoedema (hypothyroidism), nephrotic syndrome (HEP hypertension edema proteinuria)

Pinquecula

Yellowish triangular nodule in bulbar conjunctiva | Harmless indicates aging

Pterygium

Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva Grows across cornea brought on by dry eyes *Significant

Ptosis

Drooping eyelid | 👀 Horner's, CN 3 paralysis, myasthenia gravis, MS

Retinal detachment

Immediate 911 Painless sudden onset of blindness Curtains closing over vision, falling curtain Flashing lights/floaters seen prior to vision loss

Sclera

White=normal Yellow=jaundice Blue=osteogenesis imperfecta

Xanthelasma

Fatty plaques on nasal surface of eyelids | Normal or indicates hypercholesterolemia

Emmetropia

Normal vision

Myopia

Nearsighted

Hyperopia

Farsighted

Presbyopia

Loss of lens elasticity due to aging | Need reading glasses

What eye exams test CN II & III

Direct light reflex Consensual light reflex Swinging light test Accommodation

Visual acuity is tested with what exam

Snellen chart

What does the Cardinal fields of gaze test

CN III, IV, VI

What happens during eye accommodation

Eye converge Pupil constrict Lens convex