GD-Eyes Flashcards
Scaly eyebrows
Seborrhea
Loss of the lateral 1/3 of eyebrow
Myxoedema
AKA: hypothyroidism
Quantitative loss of eyebrow
Normal with age
Icterus
Jaundice
Adie’s pupil
Sluggish pupillary reaction
Unilateral
Parasympathetic lesion of CN III
Anisocoria
Unequal pupil size
Physiologic pharmacologic pathologic or traumatic
May be used to describe Horner’s
Argyll Robertson pupil
Bilaterally small irregular pupils
Accommodate but does not react to light
AKA: Prostitutes pupil=syphilis
Arroyo sign
Sluggish pupillary reaction
Due to hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease)
Blepharitis
Eyelid inflammation
Seen w/ seborrhea, staph infection & inflammatory processes
Cataracts
Lens opacities
Common with diabetes and elderly
Absent red light reflex
Blurred or clouded vision
Chalazion
Meibomian gland infection
Nodule on inside of lid
Not painful
Conjunctiva
Pink =normal
Pale= anemia
Bright red= infection (superficial)
Corneal arcus
Grayish opaque ring around cornea
Arcus sinilis
Normal in elderly
Under 40 hypercholesterolemia
Diabetic retinopathy
Primarily affects veins Microaneurysms Hard exudates Neovascularization Early sign cotton wool patches Can lead to blindness
Ectropion
Eyelid turned outward
MC seen in elderly
Entropion
Lid turned inward
MC seen in elderly
Exophthalmosis
Lid lag/failure (doesn’t cover eyeball)
Graves= bilateral
tumor= unilateral
Glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure
Cupping of optic disc
Blurring of vision especially peripheral fields
Rings around lights
Crescent sign present upon transgentil light
Increase in aqueous humor
Hordoleum (sty)
Sebaceous Gland infection
Outside Lid=pimple or boil
Painful
Horner syndrome
Ptosis miosis anhydrosis
Same side as interruption to cervical sympathetics
Pancoast tumor
Anisocoria (different size pupil)
Hypertensive retinopathy
Retinal vessels/back ground damage Copper wire deformity Silver wire deformity AV nicking Flame hemorrhages Cotton wool soft exudate
Internal ophthalmoplegia
Dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation
No reaction to light or accommodation
Multiple sclerosis
Iritis/uveitis
Iris inflammation
Ankylosing spondylitis
Macular degeneration
MCC blindness in elderly
Central vision loss
Early sign= Macular drusen (made of lipids)
Miosis
Fixed and constricted pupils
React to light and accommodate
Seen with severe brain damage, pilocarpine meds, narcotic use
Mydriasis
Dilated fixed pupils
👀 Anticholinergic drugs
(atropine/mushroom/death)
Papilledema
AKA choked disc
Optic disc swelling
Due to increased intracranial pressure
No visual loss
👀 Brain tumor or brain hemorrhage
Periorbital edema
Swelling around
👀 Allergies, myxoedema (hypothyroidism), nephrotic syndrome (HEP hypertension edema proteinuria)
Pinquecula
Yellowish triangular nodule in bulbar conjunctiva
Harmless indicates aging
Pterygium
Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva
Grows across cornea brought on by dry eyes
*Significant
Ptosis
Drooping eyelid
👀 Horner’s, CN 3 paralysis, myasthenia gravis, MS
Retinal detachment
Immediate 911
Painless sudden onset of blindness
Curtains closing over vision, falling curtain
Flashing lights/floaters seen prior to vision loss
Sclera
White=normal
Yellow=jaundice
Blue=osteogenesis imperfecta
Xanthelasma
Fatty plaques on nasal surface of eyelids
Normal or indicates hypercholesterolemia
Emmetropia
Normal vision
Myopia
Nearsighted
Hyperopia
Farsighted
Presbyopia
Loss of lens elasticity due to aging
Need reading glasses
What eye exams test CN II & III
Direct light reflex
Consensual light reflex
Swinging light test
Accommodation
Visual acuity is tested with what exam
Snellen chart
What does the Cardinal fields of gaze test
CN III, IV, VI
What happens during eye accommodation
Eye converge
Pupil constrict
Lens convex
