GD-Ear, Nose, Throat Flashcards
Acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor of CN VIII (schwannoma)
Hearing loss tinnitus vertigo and presence of tumor on CT or MRI
DDX with meniere’s (fullness in ear)
Acute mastoiditis
Mastoid process bacterial infection Same S/S of acute otitis media + inflammation and palpatory tenderness over mastoid Hearing loss common Red dilated blood vessels, bulging tympanic membrane
Acute otitis externa
AKA swimmer’s ear
Outer ear infection
Swimmer’s ear due to contaminated water
Inflammation and pain of outer ear
Tugging on pinna painful
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
DDX with stroke must rule out
Brief episode of vertigo due to change in head position
Dx by hallpike maneuver- patient rapidly moves from sitting to supine head turned 45 degrees to the left and wait 30 seconds repeat on right side if nystagmus is seen. + Nystagmus nausea or vertigo
TX: epley’s maneuver or canalith repositioning
Eustachian tube lock
Tympanic membrane retraction
Meniere’s disease
AKA Endo lymphatic hydrops
Central vertigo
Reurrent prostrating vertigo
Sensory hearing loss tinnitus and fullness in ear
Presbycussis
Sensorineural hearing loss as we age
Genetic or acquired factors
Purulent otitis media
AKA bacterial otitis media
Bacterial or viral middle ear infection
Tympanic membrane red with dilated blood vessels and bulging
Serous otitis media
Effusion in middle ear from incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tubes
Chronic
Fluid is Amber with bubbles
Retracts tympanic membrane
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears
Vertigo
Abnormal sensation of rotatory movement
Difficult balance gait in navigation of environment
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal mucosa pale or blue and boggy
Allergies
Atrophic rhinitis
Thinning of nasal mucosa with sclerosis
Crust formation in foul odor
Polyps
Chronic infection of nasal mucosa
Viral rhinitis
Nasal mucosa red and swollen
Clear runny nose
