GB and Pancreas

Question 1

another name for gallstones

Answer 1

cholelithiasis

Question 2

2 main types of cholelithiasis:

Answer 2

• cholesterol

- pigment (bilirubin)

Question 3

caused by biliary tree obstruction of inflammation of the GB itself

Answer 3

cholelithiasis

Question 4

excruciating pain localized to RUQ or epigastric region

Answer 4

cholelithiasis

Question 5

main complication of cholelithiasis

Answer 5

obstruction of common bile duct

Question 6

The _____ the stone, the more dangerous due to the ability to travel further along the biliary tract.

Answer 6

smaller

Question 7

uncommon malignancy of the epithelial cells of the GB, poor prognosis likely due to advanced stage at diagnosis

Answer 7

GB carcinoma

Question 8

nonspecific symptoms of GB carcinoma:

Answer 8

pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting

Question 9

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? inflammation resulting from the auto-digestion of the pancreas by its own digestive enzymes, synthesis of enzymes continues while secretion is blocked, resulting in enzyme activation within systemic circulation

Answer 9

acute

Question 10

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? range of presentations, inflammation leading to necrosis

Answer 10

acute

Question 11

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? clinical features include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting

Answer 11

acute

Question 12

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? labs reveal elevations in serum amylase, lipase, and cytokines and inflammatory mediators

Answer 12

acute

Question 13

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? treatment involves limiting consumption of food by mouth to allow pancreas to “rest”, supportive care including abdominal pain control, fluid replacement, and nutritional support

Answer 13

acute

Question 14

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? in severe cases, tissue necrosis will occur

Answer 14

acute

Question 15

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? characterized by long-standing inflammation, fibrosis, and destruction of the exocrine parenchyma, in late stages the endocrine parenchyma is also destroyed

Answer 15

chronic

Question 16

chief distinction between acute and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 16

the irreversible impairment of pancreatic function in chronic

Question 17

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? can occur due to recurrent bouts of acute pancreatitis

Answer 17

chronic

Question 18

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? up to 40% of patients have no pre-disposing factors, thought to be due to inherited mutations in genes important for pancreatic exocrine function

Answer 18

chronic

Question 19

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? attacks are usually precipitated by alcohol abuse, overeating, opiates or other drugs that increase muscle tone in sphincter of Oddi

Answer 19

chronic

Question 20

Acute or chronic pancreatitis? diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion

Answer 20

chronic

Question 21

Acute or chronic pancreatitis?not immediately life threatening, but long-term outlook is poor (50% mortality rate over 20-25 years)

Answer 21

chronic

Question 22

4th leading cause of cancer death in the US

Answer 22

pancreatic carcinoma

Question 23

One of the highest mortality rates (over 44k Americans diagnosed in 2020, all will die of it, 5-year survival rate is less than 5%)

Answer 23

pancreatic carcinoma

Question 24

strongest environmental influence of pancreatic carcinoma

Answer 24

cigarette smoking (doubles risk)

Question 25

Courvoisier’s sign

Answer 25

obstructive jaundice with painless palpable dilation of the GB (pancreatic carcinoma)