CNS I

Question 1

• defect in the closure of the neural tube on the cephalic portion
• occurs around 23rd - 26th day
• baby is born without front part of brain

Answer 1

anencephaly

Question 2

detectable in early pregnancy with ultrasound, frog-like position of fetus

Answer 2

anencephaly

Question 3

severe form of spina bifida (neural tube defect) in which the spinal cord and nerves developed outside the body with the meninges protruding out

Answer 3

myelomeningocele

Question 4

visible fluid-filled sac at site of lesion

Answer 4

myelomenigocele

Question 5

low folic acid in mother is a possible link

Answer 5

myelomeningocele

Question 6

failure of the prosencephalon or forebrain to divide into the double lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and develop normally

Answer 6

holoprosencephaly

Question 7

most cases of holoprosencephaly are sporadic, name two examples

Answer 7

Pattau and Edwards syndromes

Question 8

“face predicts brain”

Answer 8

holoprosencephaly

Question 9

Common association with holoprosencephaly:

Answer 9

maternal diabetes

Question 10

CNS vs PNS axon regeneration

Answer 10

CNS axons
o Functional recovery from CNS injury is limited
o Axons do not regenerate
o Recent studies show a capacity neuronal replication

PNS axons
o Axons do regenerate
o Full functional recovery is possible

Question 11

Name the glial cell based on the function: blood-brain barrier

Answer 11

astrocytes

Question 12

Name the glial cell based on the function: migration and population guide

Answer 12

astrocytes

Question 13

Name the glial cell based on the function: buffer K+ extracellular concentrations

Answer 13

astrocytes

Question 14

Name the glial cell based on the function: NT reuptake and release

Answer 14

astrocytes

Question 15

Name the glial cell based on the function: nervous system repair

Answer 15

astrocytes

Question 16

Name the glial cell based on the function: vasomodulation

Answer 16

astrocytes

Question 17

marker of astrocytes

Answer 17

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

Question 18

Name the glial cell based on the function: forms the myelin sheath in axons of the CNS

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes

Question 19

from Greek “cell with few branches”

Answer 19

oligodendrocytes

Question 20

Name the glial cell based on the function: phagocytosis

Answer 20

microglial cells

Question 21

Name the glial cell based on the function: cytotoxicity

Answer 21

microglial cells

Question 22

Name the glial cell based on the function: antigen presentation

Answer 22

microglial cells

Question 23

Name the glial cell based on the function: synaptic stripping

Answer 23

microglial cells

Question 24

Name the glial cell based on the function: promote repair

Answer 24

microglial cells

Question 25

APCs derived from monocytes

Answer 25

microglial cells

Question 26

make up approximately 20% of glial cells

Answer 26

microglial cells

Question 27

origin of microglial cells

Answer 27

myeloid progenitor cells (bone marrow)