CNS II Flashcards
signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis (5)
- headache
- photaphobia
- fever
- meningismus (stiff neck)
- obtundation (reduced level of alertness)
How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?
- suspicious clinical signs and symptoms
- lumbar puncture
- cultures of CSF and blood
What does a lumbar puncture test for to diagnosis bacterial meningitis?
- neutrophils (pus)
- elevated protein
- reduced glucose
- increased pressure
Bacterial meningitis: microorganism that affects dorsal vs basal surface
Dorsal = Streptococcus Basal = M. tuberculosis
CNS infections seen commonly in immunocompromised patients
fungal infections
method of action of fungal infections of the CNS and what it causes
microorganisms often invade/clog small vessels and result in hemorrhagic infarcts
fungal infection characteristically seen in patients with uncontrolled diabetes
Mucormycosis
most common CNS fungal infection
Cryptococcosis
structure seen in cells that indicate a viral infection (give examples)
inclusion bodies
- Cowdry bodies for HSV1
- Negri bodies for rabies
infections by these organisms can cause a rapidly fatal necrotizing encephalitis
Naegleria fowleri (amoeba)
method of action of Naegleria fowleri
- Free living in soil and fresh warm water
- Inhaled into olfactory epithelium and migrate up olfactory nerve
- Spread via subarachnoid space
most common cause of brain hemorrhage
hypertension
Tumors of astrocytes in increasing malignancy (grade II-IV):
II –> astrocytoma
III –> anaplastic glioma
IV –> glioblastoma
Name the astrocyte tumor: location is cerebral hemispheres
astrocytoma and anaplastic glioma
Name the astrocyte tumor: 60% p53 mutation
astrocytoma
