gastrulation + neurulation

Question 1

formation of the three germ layers

Answer 1

gastrulation

Question 2

what is the first step in gastrulation?

Answer 2

formation of the primitive streak from the caudal end to the head end

Question 3

what happens after the formation of the primitive streak

Answer 3

there is a waterfall like rush of ectoderm cells through it and this will become the mesoderm

Question 4

what does the mesodorm form?

Answer 4

notochord

Question 5

what does the notochord do?

Answer 5

helps define the major axis of our bodies and later becomes the invertebral disk

Question 6

what is the process of neurulation?

Answer 6

process in which the neural plate folds to form the neural tube and crest

Question 7

neural plate is a

Answer 7

flat piece of the ectoderm

Question 8

what induces the formation of the neural tube?

Answer 8

notochord

Question 9

mesoderm cells differentiate into

Answer 9

somites

Question 10

somites

Answer 10

precursor of the axial skeleton/ skeletal muscles

Question 11

somitogenesis

Answer 11

process of segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm

Question 12

how does somitogenesis occurs?

Answer 12

begins cranially and extends caudally adding a somite pair and the process is sequential

Question 13

neural crest cells become the

Answer 13

PNS

Question 14

neural tube becomes the

Answer 14

CNS

Question 15

lateral late mesoderm

Answer 15

1. splanchic
2. somatic
3. extra-embryonic

Question 16

intermediate mesoderm

Answer 16

1. kidney

2. Gonads

Question 17

paraxial somitic mesoderm

Answer 17

1. sclerotome
2. syndotome
3. myotome
4. endothelial cells
5. dermatome

Question 18

syndotome

Answer 18

tendons

Question 19

sclerotome

Answer 19

cartilage

Question 20

dermetome

Answer 20

skeletal muscle

Question 21

What is so special about myotomes?

Answer 21

split by the tranverse processes

Question 22

Myotomes are split into two catergories

Answer 22

1. epimere

2. hypomere

Question 23

epimere

Answer 23

dorsal/ back musculature

Question 24

hypomere

Answer 24

ventral body and all limb musculature

Question 25

faulty crest migration—-? vagal crest into distal gut

Answer 25

DiGeorge

Question 26

bowel nerve cell are not present—-> no neural crest migration leading to a congenital megacolon

Answer 26

Hirchspung’s dx

Question 27

anterior failure to close neural tube

Answer 27

anencephaly

Question 28

posterior failure to close neural tube but there is no potrusion of fluid

Answer 28

spina bifida occulta

Question 29

spina bifida cystica which has swelling of the meninges

Answer 29

meningocele

Question 30

spina bifida cystica which has swelling of the meninges and spinal cord

Answer 30

meningomyelocele