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Anatomy > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial, posterior

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2
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior, lateral, posterior

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3
Q

What are the compartments of the foot?

A

Dorsal aspect, plantar aspect

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4
Q

What does contraction of the muscles of the anterior thigh compartment do? Explain why.

A

Extend the leg at the knee and flex the leg at the hip because they cross each joint and attach anteriorly

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5
Q

What does contraction of the muscles of the posterior thigh compartment do? Explain why.

A

Flex the leg at the knee and extend the leg at the hip because they cross each joint and attach posteriorly.

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6
Q

What do the posterior leg compartment muscles attach to? What is the effect of contraction?

A

Attach the femur and heel bone (calcaneus) - flexes the leg at the knee and plantarflexes the foot at the ankle.

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7
Q

What do the anterior leg compartment muscles attach to? What is the effect of contraction?

A

These only cross the ankle anteriorly so contraction dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle.

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8
Q

The MEDIAL THIGH muscles _______ the thigh, and the LATERAL LEG muscles ______ the foot.

A

medial thigh muscles adduct the thigh, lateral leg muscles evert the foot.

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9
Q

What three motions does gluteal muscle contraction produce?

A

Extension, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh.

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10
Q

From which segments of the spinal cord do nerve fibers that innervate the lower limb muscles originate?

A

Lumbar and sacral segments.

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11
Q

What are the three major thigh nerves and their respective compartments? Which of these nerves continues to the lower leg?

A

Femoral - anterior compartment
Obturator - medial compartment
Sciatic - posterior compartment and continues to the lower leg

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12
Q

Name the two divisions of the Sciatic nerve.

A

Tibial, Peroneal aka common fibular nerve.

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13
Q

What does the Tibial nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

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14
Q

What does the Common peroneal nerve innervate?

A

Trick question! It first divides into the Superficial Peroneal nerve aka fibular nerve (which supplies the lateral compartment of the leg) and the Deep Peroneal nerve which supplies the anterior leg compartment.

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15
Q

What does the tibial nerve become once it reaches the foot?

A

It becomes the plantar nerves (innervating the plantar surface of the foot)

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16
Q

What does the deep peroneal nerve do once it reaches the foot?

A

Called the same name - innervates the muscles on the dorsal surface of the foot

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17
Q

The T12/L1 dermatome border runs roughly along the ________ ligament.

A

inguinal

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18
Q

The dermatomes of the lower sacral (and coccygeal) nerves are centered in a small area around the ______ and _______.

A

anus and genitalia

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19
Q

As the aorta travels distally to the lower extremities, it branches into the ______ and ______ arteries.

A

left and right common iliac arteries

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20
Q

Each common iliac artery divides into an _______ and _________ artery.

A

external and internal iliac artery

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21
Q

What regions does the internal iliac artery supply? What does it branch into?

A

Pelvis. It also branches into the obturator artery (supplies the medial thigh) and gluteal arteries (supplies the gluteal region)

22
Q

What artery is the main supplier of blood to the lower limb? As it leaves the pelvis and enters the thigh it is renamed to the ________ artery.

A

External iliac artery. Renamed to the femoral artery as it enters the thigh.

23
Q

Near the apex of the femoral triangle, the femoral artery gives off a branch called the ______ ______ artery, which is the main supply to the ______ _______.

A

deep femoral artery supplies the anterior thigh

24
Q

Where does the femoral artery go as it travels distally down the leg? When does its name change?

A

It travels inferiorly and medially and enters the back of the knee through the adductor hiatus, where it is renamed the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa.

25
Q

What does the popliteal artery branch to give rise to? What do those arteries do?

A

Branches to give the anterior tibial artery (supplies the anterior lower leg compartment) and posterior tibial artery (supplies the posterior compartment). The posterior tibial artery also gives off a branch called the peroneal artery that also helps supply the posterior compartment.

26
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

Fascia lata

27
Q

What is the fascia of the lower leg called?

A

Crural fascia

28
Q

What two special structures do the fascia comprise in the foot?

A

The retinacula (plural) - fibrous thickenings that wrap around the ankle to hold down the tendons, vessels, and nerves.

The plantar aponeurosis is a thick fibrous thickening on the sole of the foot.

29
Q

What is the most superficial layer of fascia of the lower limb called?

A

Superficial fascia

30
Q

The longest vein in the body, called the ______ _______ _____, runs through the _______ layer, ascends along the medial aspects of the leg and thigh and pierces through a hole near the thigh called the _______ ________.

A

great saphenous vein runs through the superficial layer, pierces a hole called the fossa ovalis.

31
Q

What structures form the five boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior: Inguinal ligament, which runs from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle.

Lateral: The sartorius muscle, which originates at the ASIS and inserts and the medial tibial condyle.

Medial: The adductor longus muscle, which originates near the pubic symphysis and attaches to the linea aspera. The medial border of the muscle is the medial border of the triangle.

Roof: Fascia lata

Floor: Made up by the iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus muscles.

32
Q

What gives rise to the inguinal ligament? What structures does it connect?

A

The ligament is formed by the aponeurotic fibers of the external oblique muscle and stretches from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle.

33
Q

What does the medial end of the inguinal ligament do?

A

Fibers reflect backwards to insert into the superior ramus of the pubis, which forms the lacunar ligament.

34
Q

From what spinal vertebrae does the femoral nerve arise?

A

L2, L3, L4

35
Q

What branches do the femoral nerve give off as it enters the thigh region?

A

Muscular branches - supply the anterior muscles of the thigh

Cutaneous branches - to the anterior and medial thigh

36
Q

What structures enter the thigh in the femoral sheath? What important structure is NOT in this sheath?

A

The femoral artery, vein, and lymphatic vessels are in the sheath, but NOT the femoral nerve.

37
Q

The most medial division of the femoral sheath is called the _____ ____, which carries the ________.

A

femoral canal carries the lymphatics

38
Q

What is the proximal end of the femoral canal called? What are its borders?

A

Femoral ring

Boundaries:
Medial - lacunar ligament
Posterior - pectineal ligament
Lateral - femoral vein
Anterior - inguinal ligament
39
Q

How are you going to remember the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

NAVL (from lateral to medial)

femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
assorted Lymph nodes

40
Q

Femoral hernias pass through which structure?

A

the femoral ring

41
Q

Name two branches that the deep femoral artery gives off.

A

Lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries

42
Q

What do the lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries do?

A

Wrap around the femur to supply the cruciate anastomosis and much of the hip, and also has perforating branches that travel inferiorly to supply most of the thigh muscles.

43
Q

If there were an obstruction of the external iliac or femoral artery, how would blood get to the hip?

A

Through the cruciate anastomosis of the buttocks.

44
Q

Which five muscles are contained within the medial thigh compartment?
What is the main nerve that innervates these? Where does the nerve originate?

A
  1. Gracilis
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Adductor brevis
  4. Adductor magnus
  5. Obturator externus

Obturator nerve - originates at L2, L3, L4

45
Q

The adductor magnus is divided into ______, _______, and ______ portions.

A

superior, middle, and inferior portions

46
Q

The superior and middle portions of the adductor magnus are true adductors and receive innervation from the _______ nerve, whereas the inferior (ischiocondylar portion) inserts on the adductor tuburcle of the femur and receives innervation from the ________ division of the ______ nerve.

A

obturator nerve (posterior division) supplies the superior and middle portions. The inferior portion receives innervation from the tibial division of the sciatic nerve

47
Q

What muscles do the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve supply, repectively?

A

Anterior: adductor longus and brevis and gracilis muscles.

Posterior: obturator externus, and the adductor portion (superior and middle) of the adductor magnus.

48
Q

Which nerve and spinal cord does the patellar tendon reflex test?

A

The femoral nerve (remember the femoral nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles like the quads) and the L2-L4 spinal cord where it originates.

49
Q

What is compartment syndrome and what does it affect?

A

Increased pressure in a confined anatomical space that threatens circulation and function within and distal to it.

50
Q

Which vein in the leg is sometimes harvested for coronary bypass?

A

Great saphenous vein

51
Q

What are some easily-palpated lymph nodes in the lower trunk?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

52
Q

What artery will you likely cannulate for a coronary angiography and how can you locate it?

A

Femoral artery. Found by locating the ASIS with the pinky and pubic tubercle with the thumb. The pulse will be felt with the palm.

Anatomy (16 decks)

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