Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Anterior and Lateral Leg, Foot > Flashcards

Anterior and Lateral Leg, Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Distally, the tibia forms the _______ malleolus and the fibula forms the ________ malleolus.

A

Tibia - medial malleolus

Fibula - lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the interosseus membrane?

A

Dense CT that connects the tibia and fibula throughout the length of both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four compartments of the leg?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Lateral
  3. Superficial posterior
  4. Deep posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior leg compartment?

A

The tibial (medial) division of the sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

The deep peroneal nerve (a division of the common fibular peroneal nerve from the sciatic that occurs after the peroneal crosses the lateral fibular head).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

The superficial peroneal nerve (division of the common fibular peroneal from the sciatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the popliteal artery distal to the popliteal fossa?

A

It divides to form the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

The anterior tibial artery ends at the ankle where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

The posterior tibial artery gives rise to the peroneal (fibular) artery which travels to the foot and ends by dividing into the medial and lateral plantar arteries that supply the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four muscles of the anterior leg compartment?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor hallucis longus
  3. Extensor digitorum longus
  4. Peroneus tertius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the extensor retinacula and what do they do?

A

Transverse strands of CT fibers that hold the extensor tendons of the anterior compartment close to the ankle joint - keeps them from bowing outwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After the deep peroneal nerve travels distally from the anterior leg compartment, what does it do?

A

It emerges as a cutaneous nerve in the first web space between the big and second toe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles are in the lateral leg compartment?

A

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What supplies the lateral leg compartment with blood?

A

The peroneal and anterior tibial arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After the superficial peroneal nerve travels distally from the lateral leg compartment, what does it do?

A

Emerges as the major cutaneous nerve of the dorsum of the foot and ends in the distal digital nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can a fibular neck fracture cause foot drop?

A

This injury can injure the common fibular (peroneal) nerve, which supplies the anterior compartment and is involved in dorsiflexion of the foot. That is accompanied by loss of sensation of the inferolateral half of the leg and most of the dorsum of the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The gastrocnemius arises from ______ heads, medial and lateral, from their respective ______ ________.

A

two heads from their respective femoral condyles

Gastrocnemius from the Greek “gaster” meaning belly and “kneme” meaning leg

condyle from the Greek “kondylos” meaning knuckle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles? Where does it insert?

A

Calcaneal tendon inserts into the calcaneus bone.

The calcaneal tendon is also referred to as the achilles tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What supplies the superficial posterior compartment of the leg with blood?

A

The posterior tibial artery and inferior vessels of the genicular anastamosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles are included in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Tibialis posterior
  4. Flexor hallucis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The popliteus muscle is important in ________ the knee joint. (What’s its action?)

A

unlocking

In other words, it is important in initiating flexion at the knee by medially rotating the tibia with respect to the femur, “unlocking” the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is anterior tibial compartment syndrome?

A

Ischemic necrosis of the anterior compartment leg muscles due to compression of the anterior tibial artery and its branches.

The compression usually due to swollen muscles of the anterior compartment following excessive exertion.

22
Q

Which muscle is primarily involved in shin splints?

A

The tibialis anterior muscle.

23
Q

What is claudication?

A

A poor blood supply to the leg muscles caused by smoking and atherosclerosis can cause a type of pain called “claudication”.

Most commonly affected muscles are the calf, hammys, and quads

24
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Limping caused by ischemia of lower limb muscles, mostly the calf muscles. Caused by occlusion of arteries, esp. the popliteal.

25
Q

What nerve does the medial plantar nerve arise from? What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A

Arises from the tibial nerve. Medial plantar nerve innervates four muscles in the sole of the foot.

26
Q

What is Pes planus?

A

Flatfoot

27
Q

What is a saphenous cutdown?

A

When an incision is made anterior to the medial malleolus to expose the great saphenous vein to administer blood and other products.

28
Q

What is a Pott’s fracture? What causes it?

A

Fracture of the distal fibula, often accompanied by fracture of the medial malleolus or deltoid ligament ruptures. Caused by forced eversion (pronation).

29
Q

What is Hallux valgus?

A

Lateral deviation of the big toe. Called “hammertoe” in lay terms. Often accompanied by a bunion (swelling) on the medial side of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

Note that hallux varus would be a medial deviation.

30
Q

What is a trimalleolar fracture?

A

Fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, and distal posterior aspect of the tibia. Can be accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation.

31
Q

Does damage to the superficial peroneal nerve cause foot drop?

A

No, just loss of eversion (pronation) of the foot.

32
Q

Which nerve roots does the calcaneal tendon reflex (hitting the Achilles tendon) test? In what areas of the lower limbs are these nerves responsible for cutaneous sensation?

A

S1 and S2 - they are responsible for cutaneous sensation of the posterior thigh, legs, and buttocks.

33
Q

What is the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal, and what is it for?

A

It is a rough patch on the base of the 5th metatarsal, where the peroneus brevis muscle inserts.

34
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali?

A

A horizontal eminence from the upper medial surface of the calcaneum. The flexor hallucis longis tendon travels around it.

35
Q

What causes a Charley horse (muscle cramp)?

A

Muscle fatigue, overexertion, dehydration and depletion or imbalance of salt and minerals such as calcium, sodium and potassium.

36
Q

What type of joint is the ankle? What bones form the ankle joint?

A

Hinge-type

Tibia and fibula superiorly, trochlea of the talus inferiorly

37
Q

What can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Fracture of the adjacent bone, nearby edema, venous stasis (as from varicose veins), and other compressive pathology can result in pressure on the tibial nerve. It’s just like carpal tunnel, but in the ankle.

38
Q

What are the two muscles involved in inversion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

39
Q

compartment syndrome

A

fluid is trapped, veins are compressed and leads to necrosis

40
Q

superficial posterior compartment (3)

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. plantaris
41
Q

superficial posterior compartment nerve

A

tibial nerve

42
Q

deep posterior compartment [4]

A
  1. popliteus
  2. flexor hallucis longus
  3. flexor digitorum longus
  4. tibialis posterior
43
Q

deep posterior compartment nerve

A

tibial nerve

44
Q

popliteus crosses the

A

knee joint

45
Q

Tom, Dick an(d) Harry went around the medial malleolus

A 
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
posterior tibial Artery
tibial Nerve 
flexor Hallucis longus
46
Q

does the common peroneal nerve is found in the popliteal fossa?

A

no! it runs laterally to it

47
Q

anterior comparment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum
extensor hallucis

48
Q

anterior comparment of the leg nerve

A

deep peroneal nerve

49
Q

peroneus tertius

A

usually an extension of the extensor digitorum

50
Q

lateral compartment of the leg [2]

A

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Brevis

51
Q

lateral compartment of the leg nerve

A

superficial peroneal nerve

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions