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Physiology > Gastrointestinal Physiology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Plexus controlling the motility of the GI smooth muscle

A

myenteric plexus

Auerbach’s plexus

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2
Q

Plexus controlling secretion and blood flow

A

submucosal plexus

Meissner’s plexus

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3
Q

Most potent amino acid stimuli for gastric secretion

A

phenylalanine

tryptophan

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4
Q

Where is gastrin released?

A

G cells in antrum

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5
Q

Where is CCK released?

A

I cells in duodenum and jejunum

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6
Q

What lipids stimulate secretion of CCK?

A

Not triglycerides (cannot cross intestinal cell membrane)

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7
Q

Where is secretin released?

A

S cells in duodenum

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8
Q

Only GI hormone that is released in response to fat, protein and carbohydrates

A

GIP

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9
Q

Slow waves are least frequent in

A

stomach

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10
Q

Slow waves are most frequent in

A

duodenum

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11
Q

Relaxes GI smooth muscle

A

VIP

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12
Q

Tonicity of saliva

A

hypotonic

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13
Q

Tonicity of pancreatic secretion

A

isotonic

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14
Q

Second messenger for secretin

A

cAMP

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15
Q

Second messenger for CCK

A

IP3 and Ca2+

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16
Q

Which lipid is not contained in micelles

A

glycerol

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17
Q

Site of secretion of intrinsic factor

A

fundus

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18
Q 
The autonomic nervous system controls gut motility by
changing which of the following?
A) Pacemaker discharge frequency
B) Slow wave frequency
C) Spike potential frequency
A

spike potential frequency

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19
Q

What is the effect of hyperosmotic solution in the intestine on acid secretion?

A

inhibit

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20
Q

What is the effect of isoosmotic solution in the intestine on acid secretion?

A

no effect

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21
Q

muscle layers of the stomach

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

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22
Q

most potent stimulti for gastrin secretion

A

phenylalanine
tryptophan
methionine

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23
Q

depolarization of slow waves

A

sodium influx

24
Q

depolarization of spike potentials

A

calcium influx

25
Q

satiety center

A

ventromedial thalamus

26
Q

appetite/hunger center

A

lateral thalamus

27
Q

anorexigenic neurons

A

POMC

28
Q

orexigenic neurons

A

neuropeptide Y

29
Q

anorexigenic substance

A

ghrelin

30
Q

parotid gland secretes what type of secretion?

A

serous

31
Q

submandibular gland secretes what type of secretion?

A

mixed

32
Q

sublingual gland secretes what type of secretion?

A

mixed

33
Q

which gastric glands contain mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells?

A

oxyntic glands (body)

34
Q

which gastric glands contain G cells and mucus cells?

A

pyloric glands (antrum)

35
Q

gastric cell secreting histamine

A

enterochromaffin-like cells

36
Q

gastric cell secreting serotonin

A

enterochromaffin cells

37
Q

majority of gastric acid secretion: cephalic phase, gastric phase or intestinal phase?

A

gastric phase

38
Q

CCK-A receptors are found in

A

pancreas

39
Q

CCK-B receptors are found in

A

stomach

40
Q

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are primary or secondary bile acids?

A

primary bile acids

41
Q

deoxycholic acid is from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid?

A

cholic acid

42
Q

lithocholic acid is from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid?

A

chenodeoxycholic acid

43
Q

absorption of glucose and galactose from lumen to intestinal cell

A

SGLT-1

44
Q

absorption of fructose from lumen to intestinal cell

A

GLUT-5

45
Q

absorption of glucose, galactose and fructose from intestinal cell to blood

A

GLUT-2

46
Q

is pepsin essential for protein digestion?

A

no

47
Q

all lipids go to the lacteals except

A

small-chain fatty acids

48
Q

Bile salts inactivate pancreatic lipase. What pancreatic coenzyme is secreted to prevent this from happening?

A

Procolipase

49
Q

main site for water absorption

A

jejunum

50
Q

Potassium is absorbed in __ and secreted in __.

A

Potassium is absorbed in small intestine and secreted in large intestine.

51
Q

primary ion secreted in intestinal lumen

A

Cl-

52
Q

where is iron absorbed?

A

duodenum

53
Q

most of the nutrients are absorbed where?

A

jejunum

54
Q

amino acids are cotransported with what ion?

A

Na+

55
Q

dipeptides and tripeptides are cotransported with what ion?

A

H+

Physiology (12 decks)

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