Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
site of highest resistance in the cardiovascular system
arterioles
largest total cross-sectional area and surface area
capillaries
contain the highest proportion of the blood
veins
upstroke current in ventricles is caused by increase in conductance of __
Na
upstroke current in sinoatrial node is caused by increase in conductance of __
Ca
hormone responsible for contraction alkalosis
angiotensin II
where does angiotensin II directly act on the kidney?
Na+-H+ exchange at proximal convoluted tubule
True or False: antidiuretic hormone is involved in minute-to-minute regulation of normal blood pressure
false
True or False: aortic arch baroreceptors respond to increases and decreases in arterial pressure.
False. Aortic arch baroreceptors only respond to increases in arterial pressure.
Coronary circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Metabolic control: hypoxia, adenosine
Cerebral circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Metabolic control
Muscle circulation at rest: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Sympathetic control
Vasoconstriction: alpha-1
Vasodilation: beta-2
Muscle circulation during exercise: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Metabolic control
Skin circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Sympathetic control
Pulmonary circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?
Sympathetic control
Prolonged QT interval: hypo/hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Shortened QT interval: hypo/hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Which phase is responsible for setting the heart rate
rate of phase 4 depolarization
AV block that causes fainting in patients due to initially suppressed state of Purkinje fibers?
Stokes-Adams syndrome
Atrial filling begins at what phase of cardiac cycle?
rapid ventricular ejection
Venous pulse curve: a wave
atrial systole
Venous pulse curve: c wave
isovolumic contraction
Venous pulse curve: v wave
isovolumic relaxation
Longest phase of cardiac cycle
reduced ventricular filling (diastasis)
Incisura of aortic pressure
isovolumic relaxation
vasomotor area of the medulla: excitatory area
lateral portion
vasomotor area of the medulla: inhibitory area
medial portion
cranial nerve: carotid baroreceptors
CN IX
cranial nerve: aortic baroreceptors
CN X
Which reflex is associated with increasing the heart rate in response to increased venous return?
Bainbridge reflex
True or false: Myogenic theory explains autoregulation and active and reactive hyperemia.
Myogenic theory explains only autoregulation.
Most potent vasoconstrictor
vasopressin
Circus movements in the ventricles: increased or decreased refractory period?
Decreased refractory period
Ventricular volume is lowest in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling
Ventricular volume is lowest in isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Aortic pressure is highest in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling
Aortic pressure is highest in reduced ventricular ejection
Mitral valve opens in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling
Mitral valve opens in isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Most ventricular filling occurs during what phase of the cardiac cycle?
Reduced ventricular phase
