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Nut 2 Sem 1 > Gastrointestinal Health > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hypochlohydria and what are the signs and symptoms

A

Low stomach acid pH above 3.0

Gas and bloating 30mins after food
Heartburn
Feeling full
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Brittle nails

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2
Q

What are the implications of hypochlorhydria

A

Reduced mineral absorption
Poor protein digestion/ putrefaction
Risk of colorectal cancer
Risk of H. Pylori survival
SIBO
Poor pancreatic juice and bile (reducing B12)

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3
Q

Natural approach to hypochlorhydria

A

Chew thoroughly
apple cider vinegar before meals
Zinc and B6 rich food
Bitter greens
Bitter herbs ( gentian / dandelion)

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4
Q

How to supplement with Betaine HCL

A

Start with 1 cap 350-750mg with protein meal
Increase 1 cap every 2 days until tingling or burning sensation. Then reduce by 1 capsule.

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5
Q

Symptoms of Exocrine Pancreatic insufficiency

A

Bloating / bleaching / flatulence 1-2 hours after food

Excessive fat in stools (steatorrhorea)

Drowsiness after meals

Food intolerances

Low zinc and B12

IBS / SIBO

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6
Q

Causes of pancreatic insufficiency

A

Stress
Low stomach acid
xenobiotics
SIBO

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7
Q

Natural approach to pancreatic insufficiency

A

Chew adequately
Avoid snacking
Diaphragmatic breathing
Sing / gargle
Laugh
Bitters - gentian / dandelion
Pancreatic enzymes

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8
Q

How to use pancreatic enzymes

A

To mimic natural secretions, whereby enzymes secretion increases with more food intake.

Short meal take at start

Medium meal take half at start and half during

Large meal third at the start, middle and end

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9
Q

What Bile insufficiency

A

Where Bile synthesis or flow is compromised affecting digestion of fatty acids

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of Bile insufficiency

A

Steatorrhoea (diarrhoea or constipation)

Intolerance to fatty foods bloating excess flatulence with cramping

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11
Q

What would show in stool test for bile insufficiency

A

Low / absent bile acids

High faecal fats

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12
Q

Causes of bile insufficiency

A

Low dietary fat intake
Impaired liver function
Obesity
Oestrogen dominance
Low HCI reducing CKK and bile release

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13
Q

Long term implications of bile insufficiency

A

Deficiency in fat soluble nutrients (vit E, A, D, K)

Hormone imbalance (poor oestrogen clearance)

High cholesterol

Gallstones

SIBO

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14
Q

Natural approach to bile insufficiency

A

Hydration

Avoid processed food

Chew slow

Diaphragmatic breathing

Taurine - tuna / salmon / chicken thighs

Choline - broccoli/ eggs / sprouts / quinoa

Support liver detoxification

Choleretics and cholagogues

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15
Q

Examples of choleretics

A

Radish

Cucumber

Onion

Kidney beans

Gentian

Barberry bark

Dandelion

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16
Q

Examples of cholagogues

A

Apples

Beets

Celery

Milk thistle

Turmeric

Ginger

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17
Q

What is mucosal barrier made up of

A

96- 98% water

Glycoproteins (mucins)

IgA

Anti microbial peptides

18
Q

What happens to mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis

A

Becomes permeable resulting in bacteria in close contact with host tissue leading to inflammation

19
Q

What can disturbed mucosal barrier lead to

A

Bacterial translocation and leakage of LSP leading to metabolic endotoxaemia

20
Q

What to support mucosal barrier

A

Optimal dietary fibre

Polyphenols - green tea/ blueberries/ cranberries/ pomegranate

Slippery elm / flaxseed/ marshmallow root - ( mucoplolyscarrides)

21
Q

How to support intestinal permeability

A

Glutamine supplements

Glutamine food - cabbage juice / spirulina/ asparagus

Bone broth - glycine

22
Q

What are risk of low IgA

A

Increases risk of SIBO and GI infections

23
Q

What can cause low SIgA

A

Ongoing stress
NSAIDs
Antibiotics

24
Q

How to increase SIgA

A

Saccharomyces boulardii

Mushrooms

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Pro and pre biotics

Polyphenols - green tea / blueberries

25
Q

What’s elimination diet used for

A

Identify food allergies or intolerance

26
Q

Stages of 5 R protocol

A

Remove - offending foods

Replace - support with enzymes or stomach acids

Reinoculation - restore mircobiome pre / pro biotics

Repair - mucosal layer - nutrients/ phytonutrients

Rebalance- lifestyle changes

27
Q

What is dysbiosis

A

Imbalance in colonies of the bowel flora leading to a potential disruption in both local and systemic health.

28
Q

Aetiology of dysbiosis

A

Poor diet

Medications

Stress

Low digestive secretions

C- section birth / non breast fed

GI surgery and scar tissue

29
Q

What diseases are associated with dysbiosis

A

Atopic disease

Metabolic syndrome

Colorectal cancer

Neurodegenerative diseases

30
Q

What is metabolic endotoxaemia

A

Subclinical rise in bacterial LPS in the blood resulting in chronic low grade inflammation.

31
Q

What disease are associated with metabolic endotoxaemia

A

Cardiovascular disease

Type 2 diabetes

Autoimmunity

Degenerative disorders

32
Q

Natural approach to endotoxaemia

A

Avoid alcohol

Avoid dietary irritants/ toxins / NSAIDs

Increase fibre

Avoid western and Leto diets

Eat rainbow of colour

Cold exposure

Support liver

Antioxidants

Cruciferous veg for reservations and glutathione

33
Q

What is SIBO

A

Overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine, most common cause of IBS. (60-70)%

34
Q

Symptoms of SIBO

A

Bloating

abdominal pain

Constipation and or diarrhoea and flatulence

35
Q

In SIBO what does hydrogen dominate gas produce

A

Diarrhoea

36
Q

In SIBO what does methane gas produced

A

Constipation

37
Q

Clinical indications of SIBO

A

Worse from probiotics

Worse from fibre

Chronic GI symptoms follow long term antibiotic / PPIs / opiates

IBS following a GI infection

38
Q

SIBO causes

A

Low stomach acid

Low SIgA

Prolonged stress

Hypothyroidism

Poor MMC function or ileocaecal valve

Opiates and antibiotics

39
Q

Sequence of aetiology of SIBO from gastroenteritis

A

Food poisoning

Bacterial toxin

Auto immunity

Gut nerve cell damage

SIBO

40
Q

Name 4 anti fungals

A

Berberine

Caprylic acid (from coconut oil)

Oregano oil

Allicin (garlic extract)

41
Q

Name 2 bio film disrupters

A

Allicin

Curcumin

Nut 2 Sem 1 (6 decks)

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