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Nut 2 Sem 1 > Assesment & Dignostics > Flashcards

Assesment & Dignostics Flashcards

1
Q

What the difference between functional an diagnostic testing

A

Functional- focuses on how the body systems are functioning

Diagnostic- looks for markers to diagnose an illness

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2
Q

What are differences in references ranges and optimal

A

Diagnosis test have average reference ranges whereas functional testing aims to indicate optimal ranges for maintaining health.

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3
Q

What optimal range for vitamin D compared to GP reference range

A

Optimal - 75-125 nmol / L

GP over 50 nmol / L

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4
Q

Benefits of functional testing

A

Deeper understanding of imbalances
Make a targeted plan
Allows to quantitatively measure the plan to see improvement

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5
Q

What’s the rule of 3 when using functional tests

A

1 clinical symptoms
2 test results
3 other finding / info to confirm

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6
Q

What might you use micro biome stool test for

A

To optimise diet for healthy micro biome
To check for intestinal permeability
To look for inflammation
To look for gas producing bacteria
To look for pathogenic microbes

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7
Q

What are commensals

A

Microbes that live in harmony with the host and provide benefit

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8
Q

What are pathogenic microbes

A

Microbes that possess certain evolutionary advantages to invade our micro biome at a cost to our health

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9
Q

What a pathobiont

A

A microbe that lives within us doesn’t normally cause any problems unless there’s is a clear opportunity (opportunistic)

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10
Q

What is a gram negative bacteria

A

Bacteria that possess an outer cell wall normally rich in lypolysaccharides (LPS).

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11
Q

What’s LPS

A

The major component of a gram negative bacteria which have the ability to induce inflammation and immune responses

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12
Q

Bacteria in vegan diets

A

Bifodo low

Clostridium higher

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13
Q

Bacteria in Mediterranean diet

A

Bifido higher
Lactobacillus higher

Clostridium lower
Enterobacteria lower

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14
Q

Bacteria in western diet

A

Bifido low
Lactobacillus low

Akkemansia higher
Bacteriodes higher

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15
Q

What’s calprotectin

A

A marker for inflammation over 50 ug / g

A protein made by leukocytes when they have migrated to and are active in the GI wall.

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16
Q

What would be marker for IBD

A

Calprotectin over 175 ug with symptoms

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17
Q

What’s eosinophils protein and what is it associated with

A

Host market for inflammation
High over 4.6 mcg

Food allergies, parasites and colitis

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18
Q

What beta glucuronidase and what is it associated with

A

A host marker

An enzyme made by some bacteria

Elevated due to dysbiosis / western diet high in red meat. Interfere with oestrogen

19
Q

What is pancreatic elastase

A

Host market

Proteolytic enzyme excreted by pancreas that can not break down in GIT

Normal range 200 to 500 ug

20
Q

What are faecal fats associated with

A

Pancreatic insufficiency
SIBO
Hypochlorhydria

21
Q

What is slgA and what’s considered low levels

A

Secreted by mucosal tissue first line of immune response in GI

Low below 100ug risk of infections

High above 750ug over response

22
Q

What is zonulin and what is it associated with and what is a high level

A

Peptide produced by epithelial cells when tight junctions are open.

High levels indicate intestinal permeability

High over 100ug

23
Q

What should you look for in commensal markers

A

Diversity
Short chain fatty acids
Bifidobacteria and lactobacillus ( more than ecoli)

24
Q

What are common short chain fatty acids

A

Butyrate
Propionate
Acetate

25
Q

What causes low shot chain fatty acids

A

Antibiotics
Low fibre diet
Diarrhoea

26
Q

What can low mucosal integrity be associated with

A

Ulcers
IBD
Gastritis

Too much cross talk between gut and immune system = metabolic endotoxemia

27
Q

What are mucin degrading bacteria

A

Akkermansia
Ruminococcus Galba is

Absence of bacteriods

28
Q

What are gas product if bacteria in SIBO

A

Methano brevibacter
Desulfovibrio
Bilophila wadsworthia

29
Q

What are natural anti microbials

A

Oregano oil
Garlic
Barberry bark
Thyme
Clove
Sage

30
Q

What are pathogens

A

Giardia
Shigella
Entamoeba

31
Q

What are opportunistic bacteria
(Pathobionts)

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Prevotella

32
Q

How can we test for SIBO

A

Using breath test to measure raised hydrogen and methane

33
Q

What’s SIBO usually associated with

A

Poor MMC
Low stomach acid
Low pancreatic juice
Poor ileocacak valve function
Low IgA

34
Q

How to interpret SIBO test results

A

Increase hydrogen- raise 20 before 90 minutes

Increase methane- raise of 12 before 90 minutes

Increased combination- raise if 15 before 90 mins

35
Q

When would you test vaginal microbiome

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Recurrent thrush
Infertility
Miscarriages
Endometriosis

36
Q

What a health VM pH

A

Reproductive age - 3.8 to 4.5

37
Q

What is Interleukin beta 1 in regard to VM

A

Inflammation marker

Healthy below 220pg
Over this indicator for BV or Candida

38
Q

What should VM look like

A

Low diversity
High lactobacillus

39
Q

What is dysbiosis of the oral microbiome associated with

A

Tooth decay
Periodontitis
Oral cancer

40
Q

When might you use OAT testing

A

Chronic fatigue
Nutritional deficiencies
Mitochondria dysfunction
Autism Monod disorders

41
Q

What are benefits of an OAT test

A

Good overview of metabolic function
To identify area of weakness in bio chemical pathways and show need for certain nutrients

42
Q

What C-reactive protein

A

Serum marker for inflammation

Normal range is under 5

43
Q

What metabolites are tested for in adrenal tests and what do they indicate

A

Cortisol and DHEA

High cortisol indicates stress
Low in both indicates exhaustion

Nut 2 Sem 1 (6 decks)

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