Assesment & Dignostics Flashcards
What the difference between functional an diagnostic testing
Functional- focuses on how the body systems are functioning
Diagnostic- looks for markers to diagnose an illness
What are differences in references ranges and optimal
Diagnosis test have average reference ranges whereas functional testing aims to indicate optimal ranges for maintaining health.
What optimal range for vitamin D compared to GP reference range
Optimal - 75-125 nmol / L
GP over 50 nmol / L
Benefits of functional testing
Deeper understanding of imbalances
Make a targeted plan
Allows to quantitatively measure the plan to see improvement
What’s the rule of 3 when using functional tests
1 clinical symptoms
2 test results
3 other finding / info to confirm
What might you use micro biome stool test for
To optimise diet for healthy micro biome
To check for intestinal permeability
To look for inflammation
To look for gas producing bacteria
To look for pathogenic microbes
What are commensals
Microbes that live in harmony with the host and provide benefit
What are pathogenic microbes
Microbes that possess certain evolutionary advantages to invade our micro biome at a cost to our health
What a pathobiont
A microbe that lives within us doesn’t normally cause any problems unless there’s is a clear opportunity (opportunistic)
What is a gram negative bacteria
Bacteria that possess an outer cell wall normally rich in lypolysaccharides (LPS).
What’s LPS
The major component of a gram negative bacteria which have the ability to induce inflammation and immune responses
Bacteria in vegan diets
Bifodo low
Clostridium higher
Bacteria in Mediterranean diet
Bifido higher
Lactobacillus higher
Clostridium lower
Enterobacteria lower
Bacteria in western diet
Bifido low
Lactobacillus low
Akkemansia higher
Bacteriodes higher
What’s calprotectin
A marker for inflammation over 50 ug / g
A protein made by leukocytes when they have migrated to and are active in the GI wall.
What would be marker for IBD
Calprotectin over 175 ug with symptoms
What’s eosinophils protein and what is it associated with
Host market for inflammation
High over 4.6 mcg
Food allergies, parasites and colitis
What beta glucuronidase and what is it associated with
A host marker
An enzyme made by some bacteria
Elevated due to dysbiosis / western diet high in red meat. Interfere with oestrogen
What is pancreatic elastase
Host market
Proteolytic enzyme excreted by pancreas that can not break down in GIT
Normal range 200 to 500 ug
What are faecal fats associated with
Pancreatic insufficiency
SIBO
Hypochlorhydria
What is slgA and what’s considered low levels
Secreted by mucosal tissue first line of immune response in GI
Low below 100ug risk of infections
High above 750ug over response
What is zonulin and what is it associated with and what is a high level
Peptide produced by epithelial cells when tight junctions are open.
High levels indicate intestinal permeability
High over 100ug
What should you look for in commensal markers
Diversity
Short chain fatty acids
Bifidobacteria and lactobacillus ( more than ecoli)
What are common short chain fatty acids
Butyrate
Propionate
Acetate
