Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

Cholecystitis definition?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the gallbladder; most often associated with the presence of gallstones.

Question 2

Usual pain characteristics of Cholecystitis?

Answer 2

Severe, unrelenting RUQ or epigastric pain; maybe referred to right subscapular area.

Question 3

Possible Associated Findings of Cholecystitis?

Answer 3

RUQ tenderness and rigidity, positive Murphy’s sign, palpable gallbladder, anorexia, vomiting, fever, possible jaundice.

Question 4

Pathophysiology of Cholecystitis?

Answer 4

On occasion the gallstones completely obstruct the neck or cystic duct of the gallbladder, which leads to the common bile duct that empties into the small intestine. Trapped bile becomes concentrated inside the gallbladder causes irritation and pressure buildup in which can lead to bacterial infection and perforation.

Question 5

Rebound tenderness is a test for what?

Answer 5

peritoneal irritation

Question 6

BLANK discoloration around umbilicus suggestive of abdominal hemorrhage.

Answer 6

Cullen’s sign

Question 7

BLANK sign ecchymosis over flanks suggesting intra-abdominal bleeding

Answer 7

Grey Turner’s

Question 8

BLANK swelling in the flanks and abdomen possible causes are liver failure, CHF, pancreatitis.

Answer 8

Ascites

Question 9

BLANK is the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel). This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum.

Answer 9

McBurney’s point

Question 10

Define pepsin

Answer 10

a protein-dissolving enzyme that helps break down large food particles into smaller ones inside the stomach.

Question 11

Define amylase

Answer 11

a digestive enzyme found in saliva that helps break down carbohydrates