Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

define gastroenteritis?

A

acute inflammation of the lining of the GI tract, manifested by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort

  • catagorised into travellers diarrhoea and acute food poisoning
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2
Q

typical presentation and onset of escherichia coli?

A
  • Common amongst travellers
  • Watery stools
  • Abdominal cramps and nausea
    12-48 hr
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3
Q

typical presentation and onset of giardiasis?

A

Prolonged, non-bloody diarrhoea

> 7 days

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4
Q

typical presentation and onset of cholera?

A
  • Profuse, watery diarrhoea
  • Severe dehydration resulting in weight loss
  • Not common amongst travellers
    12 hours to 5 days
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5
Q

typical presentation and onset of shigella?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Vomiting and abdominal pain
42-72 hours

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6
Q

typical presentation and onset of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Severe vomiting
Short incubation period

1-6 hours

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7
Q

typical presentation and onset of Campylobacter?

A

A flu-like prodrome is usually followed by crampy abdominal pains, fever and diarrhoea which may be bloody
May mimic appendicitis
Complications include Guillain-Barre syndrome

42-72 hours

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8
Q

typical presentation and onset of Bacillus cereus?

A

Two types of illness are seen
• vomiting within 6 hours, stereotypically due to reheating rice
• diarrhoeal illness occurring after 6 hours

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9
Q

typical presentation and onset of amoebiasis?

A

Gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness which may last for several weeks

> 7 days

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10
Q

epidemiology of gastroenteritis?

A

its very common

cause of mortality in the developing world

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11
Q

presenting complaints of gastroenteritis?

A
  • Sudden onset nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  • DIARRHOEA (bloody or watery)
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Fever and malaise
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12
Q

signs of gastroenteritis on physical examination?

A
  • Diffuse abdominal tenderness
  • Abdominal distension
  • Bowel sounds are often INCREASED
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13
Q

what might the bloods show?

A

• Bloods

  • FBC
  • blood culture (identify bacteraemia)
  • U&Es (dehydration)
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14
Q

what might a stool sample show?

A

fecal microscopy and analysis for toxins

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15
Q

management for gastroenteritis?

A
  • Bed rest
  • Fluid and electrolyte replacement
  • IV rehydration
  • Antibiotic treatment
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16
Q

what are possible complications of gastroenteritis?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Prerenal failure
  • Secondary lactose intolerance
  • Sepsis and shock
  • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome
17
Q

prognosis for gastroenteritis?

A

good prognosis as cases are self-limiting