Gastro Buzzwords Flashcards
What is the triad symptoms for Budd-Chiari syndrome?
Sudden onset abdominal pain, ascites, and tender hepatomegaly
What 3 abdominal masses may be present in pancreatic cancer?
hepatomegaly (metastases)
gallbladder (Courvoisier’s law)
epigastric mass (primary)
What findings on an LFT indicate alcohol hepatitis?
The AST/ALT ratio in alcoholic hepatitis is 2:1
What is the triad of symptoms for ascending cholangitis?
Charcot’s cholangitis triad: fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain
What is the treatment of choice for biliary colic?
An elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
What are the symptoms indicative of common bile duct gallstones after a cholecystectomy?
Gallstones may be present in the CBD causing ongoing jaundice and pain after cholecystectomy
What is the M rule for Primary biliary cholangitis?
IgM
anti-Mitochondrial antibodies, M2 subtype
Middle aged females
What is the first line management for primary biliary cholangitis?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
What does raised ALP alone indicate?
Raised ALP in the presence of normal LFT’s should raise suspicion of malignancy. Particularly bone cancer/ metastases
What symptoms are a strong sign of liver failure?
Fetor hepaticus, sweet and fecal breath, is a sign of liver failure
What does a ‘double duct’ on imaging indicate?
Pancreatic cancer
How does hepatitis A present?
Hepatitis A presents with flu-like symptoms, RUQ pain, tender hepatomegaly and deranged LFTs
What is indicative of primary sclerosing cholangitis?
Ulcerative colitis + cholestatis (e.g. jaundice, raised ALP)
cholestasis: causative drug?
Co-amoxiclav
triad of encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy
Liver failure
Ascites: a high SAAG gradient (> 11g/L) indicates portal hypertension
Liver Cirrhosis
Deterioration in patient with hepatitis B - ?
hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver failure following cardiac arrest
think ischaemic hepatitis
Why do patients with coeliac disease require regular immunisations?
Functional hyposplenism.
pancreatitis severity
Hypocalcaemia is an indication of severe pancreatitis
chronic pancreatitis to help aid digestion of food
Replacement of pancreatic enzymes (e.g. Creon) is part of the management of patients
Jaundice following abdominal pain and pruritus during pregnancy
acute fatty liver of pregnancy
first-line to maintain remission in patients with Crohn’s
Azathioprine or mercaptopurine
management of severe alcoholic hepatitis
Corticosteroids
test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis
Faecal elastase
Gastric MALT lymphoma
eradicate H. pylori
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a recognised complication of acute pancreatitis
Sister Mary Joseph nodule
sign of metastasis to periumbilical lymph nodes, classically from gastric cancer primary
Which of the following should be assessed before commencing azathioprine?
TPMT activity should be assessed before offering azathioprine or mercaptopurine therapy in Crohn’s disease
management of Crohn’s patients who develop a perianal fistula
Oral metronidazole
Loperamide
Loperamide is first-line for treatment of diarrhoea in IBS
most common complication of ERCP
Acute pancreatitis
Alcohol hepatitis
The AST/ALT ratio in alcoholic hepatitis is 2:1
signet ring cells
Gastric adenocarcinoma
A too high INR
Patient is at risk of bleeding
A too low INR
Patient is at risk of blood clot formation
