Acute and emergency buzzwords

Question 1

What do patients that have had an episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis require?

Answer 1

Patients who have had an episode of SBP require antibiotic prophylaxis

Question 2

What do high urea levels indicate in relation to GI bleed

Answer 2

High urea levels can indicate an upper GI bleed versus lower GI bleed

Question 3

neutropenic sepsis treatment

Answer 3

Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin) is the empirical antibiotic of choice for neutropenic sepsis

Question 4

What shouldn’t be administered before an endoscopy when investigation an upper GI bleed?

Answer 4

IV proton pump inhibitors should not be administered as part of the acute management of upper GI bleeding prior to endoscopy - they should be given after, if there is evidence of recent non-variceal haemorrhage

Question 5

hypokalaemia medication cause?

Answer 5

Thiazide duiretics can lead to hypokalaemia

Question 6

most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 6

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus is the most common cause of peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

Question 7

hypovolemic hyponatraemia?

Answer 7

A trial of isotonic normal saline is useful in patients with suspected hypovolemic hyponatraemia

Question 8

What can a transfusion of packed red cells lead to?

Answer 8

Hyperkalaemia

Question 9

Blatchford score

Answer 9

In an acute upper GI bleed, the Blatchford score can identify low risk patients who may be discharged

Question 10

Rapid Hyponatraemia correction can lead to?

Answer 10

osmotic demyelination syndrome

Question 11

Rapid Hypernatraemia correction can lead to?

Answer 11

cerebral oedema

Question 12

Ciclosporin side-effects

Answer 12

Ciclosporin side-effects: everything is increased - fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose

Question 13

hypomagnesaemia

Answer 13

Chronic alcoholism