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Y5 > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Valvulae conniventes vs haustra

A

Haustra dont go all the way across bowel on xray

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2
Q

Where can ALP be released from

A

Bone
Biliary tree
Placenta

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3
Q

Where is ALT released from

A

Hepatocytes, Kidneys, Heart

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4
Q

Where is AST released from

A

Hepatocytes, Muscle + others

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5
Q

If AST in thousands

A

Acute presentation, viral/drug induced hepetitis

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6
Q

What is NILS

A

Non-invasive liver screen
1. EBv, CMV, Hepatitis ABC
2. ANA, AMA, ASMA (autoimmune hep)
3. Ferritin, Cu, a-antitrypsin (haemochromatosis, wilsons)

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7
Q

Hep A transmission

A

Faecal-oral

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8
Q

Commonest viral hepatitis

A

A, can vaccinate

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9
Q

Diagnosis of Hep A

A

Hep A IgM

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10
Q

Hep E transmissino

A

Faecal-oral

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11
Q

Diagnosis Hep E

A

IgG & IgM

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12
Q

Hep B transmission

A

Parental, sexual, & IVDU. Self limiting disease

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13
Q

Hep B diagnosis

A

Raised ALT + Bili in acute phase

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14
Q

Hep C transmission

A

Bloos exposure

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15
Q

Hep C presentation

A

Mostly asymptomatic, most develop chronic liver disease

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16
Q

Diagnosis Hep C

A

ALT high, HCV screen

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17
Q

Alcoholic Liver disease mx

A

Withdrawal, chlordiazeperoxide, Pabrinex, Alcohol abstinence, Steroids, NUTRITION

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18
Q

Refeeding blood markers

A

Magnesium & Phosphate

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19
Q

Most common causative organisms in SBP

A

E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or gram +ve cocci

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20
Q

Gallstones made from

A

Cholesterol from concentrated bile

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21
Q

Biliary colic vs cholecystitis vs cholangitis

A

BC (RUQ pain), cystitis (RUQ pain +fever), cholangitis, (RUQ pain + fever + jaundice)

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22
Q

Causes of pancreatitis

A

I - Idiopathic
G - Gallstones
E - Ethanol
T - Trauma
S - Steroid Use
M - Mumps
A - Autoimmune
S - Scorpion stings
H - Hypercalcaemia/Hypertriglycerideaemia
E - ERCP
D - Drugs/Meds

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23
Q

Replacement of pancreatic enzymes

A

Creon

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24
Q

Main complication of pancreatitis

A

ARDS

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25
Q

H.Pylori Triple therapy

A

PPI, Clari, Amox (or Metro)

26
Q

Key pt advice for h pylori test

A

Stop PPI for at least 2 weeks (avoids false negatives)

27
Q

In dysphagia who gets 2ww for oesophageal ca

A

All dysphasia
Over 55 AND reflux

28
Q

GI Bleed Scoring system

A

Glasgow-Blanchford Score

29
Q

Post-endoscopy prognosis scoring system

A

Rockall Score

30
Q

All Gi bleeds get what in 24hrs

A

Endoscopy

31
Q

Mx variceal bleeding

A

IV terlipressin & IV abx

TIPS, Carvedilol, Elastic band ligation, Injection of sclerosis, Sangsten-Blakemore (last line)

32
Q

Significant weight loss?

A

10% up to 6 months. Must be unintentional

33
Q

Risk of FAP

A

90% get colorectal cancer by 45

34
Q

3 genetic conditions that predispose to colorectal cancer

A

HNPCC
FAP
Peutz-Jegher’s

35
Q

ALARM symptoms

A

Anaemia
Loss weight
Anorexia
Rectal Bleeding
Malaena

36
Q

Colorectal cancer tumour marker

A

CEA

37
Q

Courvoisiers law

A

Palpable gallbladder in abscence of pain, pancreatic cancer until proven otherwise.

38
Q

Staging for colonic cancer

A

Duke’s
A - Confined to mucosa
B - Invading bowel wall
C - Lymph node mets
D - Distant Mets

39
Q

Dyspepsia Mx (NICE)

A

1mo trial of PPI before H. Pylori test (if uncomplicated)

40
Q

Zollinger ellison syndrome

A

Tumour that secretes gastrin, stomach produces more acid. Tumours common in duodenum/pancreas.

41
Q

MEN1 affects

A

Parathyroid, Pituitary, Pancreas

42
Q

MEN2 affects

A

Parathyroid, Phaechromocytoma

43
Q

Initial investigation for IBD

A

Stool culture & faecal calprotectin

44
Q

Gold standard ix for IBD

A

Endoscopy

45
Q

First line inducing remission of Crohns

A

Prednisolone 40mg (then reducing dose 5mg weekly till 0mg)

46
Q

Maintainence of remission of crohns

A

Azathioprine, (check its working with TPMT enzyme)

47
Q

Induction of remission of NON-extensive UC

A

Rectal mesalazine

48
Q

Definition of extensive vs non-extensive UC

A

Extends beyond splenic flexure

49
Q

Induction of remission of extensice UC

A

Oral mesalazine

50
Q

Scoring system for severity of IBD

A

Truelove and Witts Severity Index

51
Q

Symptomatic relief of IBS

A

Loperamide (anti diahorreal) + Mebeverine (antispasmodic)

52
Q

Viral vs non-viral gastroenteritis symtpoms differentiation

A

More vomiting in viral

53
Q

If in doubt for diahorrea abx mx say…

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

C diff investigations

A
  1. Screening test - GDH waste product, can just isolate + supportive
  2. Toxin test - c. diff toxin, needs treatment
55
Q

C. Diff mx

A

Vancomycin orally 125mg QDS
If severe add metronidazole IV 500mg TDS

56
Q

All new cases of coeliac disease test for what…?

A

T1DM

57
Q

Derm condition linked to coeliac

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy knee/elbow rash)

58
Q

Investigation for Coeliac disease + gold standard to ‘confirm’

A

Anti TTG antibodies (raised) + Total IgA.
Biopsy to confirm1

59
Q

Refeeding syndrome U&Es

A

Low K, Mg + P

60
Q

Gold standard Ix for Achalasia + initial ix

A

Oesophageal Manometry (pressure testing at junction)
Barium swallow (birds beak) usually done first but manometry golden boi

61
Q

Mx of achalasia

A

Heller’s myotomy

Y5 (11 decks)

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