ENT

Question 1

BPPV

Answer 1

Attacks seconds
Varies on movement

Question 2

BPPV Diagnosis & Mx

Answer 2

Dix hallpike
Epley’s manoeuvre

Question 3

Meniere’s triad

Answer 3

Severe paroxysmal vertigo
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus

Question 4

Meniere’s Mx

Answer 4

Lifestyle
Betahistine regularly
Prochlorperazine acute

Question 5

Vestibular neuronitis

Answer 5

Inflammation vestibular nerve
URTI common cause
Sudden dizziness + nausea + vom

Question 6

Vestibular neuronitis mx

Answer 6

Vestibular sedatives
Cawthorne-Coooksey exercises

Question 7

Most common cause of tonsilitis

Answer 7

Viral (50-80%), bacterial (30%ish)

Question 8

CENTOR Criteria

Answer 8

Pyrexia
Tonsillar exudate
No Cough
Tender ant cervical lymphadenopathy

(abx if two or more of)

Question 9

Mx tonsilitis

Answer 9

Analgesia + hydration
Abx (usually pens)
Tonsillectomy

Question 10

What is quinsy

Answer 10

Peritonsillar abscess
Unilateral sore throat
Uvula deviated
Mx IV abx, needle aspiration or I&D

Question 11

Webers test results

Answer 11

Conductive - lat to diasease ear
Sensorineural - lat to healthy

Question 12

Rhinnes test results

Answer 12

AC>BC = normal
Conductive BC>AC
cant be used in sensorineural

Question 13

Most common cause of hearing loss in kids

Answer 13

Otitis media w/ effusion (Glue ear)

Question 14

Prevalence of tinnitus

Answer 14

10%

Question 15

2 Most common thyroid cancer

Answer 15

Papillary
40-50F
Lymph spread

Follicular
40-60F
Haematogenous spread

Question 16

Ix thyroid cancer

Answer 16

TFT, serum calcitonin
USS
Cytology (needle aspiration)

Question 17

Mx Thyroid cancers

Answer 17

Thyroidectomy
Radio-iodine therapy
Radiotherapy
Chemo

Question 18

Common complication of thyroidectomy

Answer 18

Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage (voice change)
Hypocalcaemia

Question 19

Mx Otitis externa

Answer 19

1st Topical abx or combined topical steroid and abx
2nd PO Fluclox

Question 20

Complication of Otitis externa + who it affects

Answer 20

Necrotiizing or malignant OE
Elderly diabetics
IV abx

Question 21

Mx ear wax

Answer 21

Cerumenolytic agents (water + oil based), & microsuction

Question 22

Otitis media features

Answer 22

Preceded by URTI
Most common organisms, strep pneumonia, Haemo influ, Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 23

Criteria to diagnose otitis media

Answer 23

Acute onset (ear pain/rubbing in kids)
Middle ear effusion
Myringitis, tympanic erythema

Question 24

Mx Otitis media

Answer 24

Usually self limiting as viral however can consider amox/clari if refractory

Question 25

Complications of otitis media

Answer 25

Mastoiditis > meningitis > brain abscess
Facial nerve paralysis

Question 26

In rhinitis refer to ENT if…

Answer 26

If symptoms unilateral
>3 months
Epistaxis

Question 27

Mx Acute Sinusitis

Answer 27

Viral - supportive
Bacterial - abx phenoxymethylpenicillin 1st
If systemically unwell or high risk > coamox

Question 28

Mx Chronic sinusitis

Answer 28

Saline irrigation + intranasal corticosteroids
Long term > surgical

Question 29

Use of CENTOR

Answer 29

Risk of group A strep > rheumatic fever

Question 30

If centor >2…

Answer 30

PO phenoxymethylpenicillin or clari
Rapid antigen test > if neg throat culture for GAS

Question 31

Most common organism in epiglottitis

Answer 31

Haem influenzae B