GASTRIC LIPASE

Question 1

• secreted in small quantities
• more effective at alkaline pH
• requires presence of Ca++
• less effective in stomach due to acidic pH and long chain fatty acids
• milk, egg yolk, and fats containing short chain fatty acids are suitable substrates for its action

Answer 1

gastric lipase

Question 2

inhibits gastric motility and retards the discharge of bolus of food from the stomach

Answer 2

enterogastrone

Question 3

true or false: fats have a high satiety value

Answer 3

true

Question 4

• hormone produced in small intestine
• triggered by acid-rich chyme filled with lipids
• target cells in the stomach

Answer 4

enterogastrone

Question 5

• play important role in lipid digestion in neonates since milk is the main source of energy
• important digestive enzymes in pancreatic insufficiency such as CYSTIC FIBROSIS or other PANCREATIC DISORDERS

Answer 5

Lingual and Gastric Lipases

Question 6

can degrade triglycerides with short and medium chain fatty acids in patients with pancreatic disorders

Answer 6

lingual and gastric lipases

Question 7

the digestive enzyme ______ is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules

Answer 7

lipase

Question 8

digestion is greatly aided by _________, the breaking up of fat globules into much smaller emulsion droplets.

Answer 8

emulsification

Question 9

the critical process of emulsification takes place in the ________

Answer 9

duodenum

Question 10

• major site of fat digestion
• effective digestion due to the presence of pancreatic lipase and bile salts

Answer 10

in small intestine

Question 11

act as effective emulsifying agents for fats

Answer 11

bile salts

Question 12

secretion of _______,________,________, the gastro intestinal hormones that stimulates digestion in small intestine

Answer 12

secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreozymin

Question 13

increases the secretion of electrolytes and fluid components of pancreatic juice

Answer 13

secretin

Question 14

stimulates the secretion of the pancreatic enzymes

Answer 14

pancreozymin of CCK

Question 15

causes the contraction of the gall bladder and discharges the bile in to the duodenum

Answer 15

cholecystokinin of CCK-PZ

Question 16

released by intestinal mucosa, stimulates more bile formation which is relatively poor in bile acid content

Answer 16

hepatocrinin

Question 17

gastro intestinal hormones

Answer 17

secretin, pancreozymin of CCK, cholecystokinin of CCK-PZ, hepatocrin

Question 18

for the digestion of triglycerides

Answer 18

pancreatic lipase

Question 19

for the digestion of phospholipids

Answer 19

phospholipase A2

Question 20

for the digestion of cholesteryl esters

Answer 20

cholestrol esterase

Question 21

contents of pancreatic juice

Answer 21

pancreatic lipase
phopholipase A2
cholesterol esterase

Question 22

are required for the proper functioning of the pancreatic lipase enzyme

Answer 22

bile salts

Question 23

bile salts help in combination of lipase with two molecules of a small protein called as _________

Answer 23

colipase, secreted by pancreas, mouth, and stomach

Question 24

bile salts are synthesized in the ______ and stored in the ________

Answer 24

liver and gall bladder

Question 25

they are derivatives of cholesterol

Answer 25

bile salts

Question 26

(fill in the blanks) ______, they consist of a sterol ring structure with a side chain to which as molecule of ________ or ________ is covalently attached by an _______________

Answer 26

bile salts glycine taurine amide linkage

Question 27

primary bile acids:

Answer 27

1. cholic acid (found in the largest amount) 2. chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 28

bile acid synthesis:

Answer 28

cholesterol > 7 hydroxycholesterol > cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid cholic acid > glycholic acid and taurocholic acid = deoxycholic acid chendeoxycholic acid > glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid = lithocholic acid

Question 29

secondary bile acids:

Answer 29

1. lithocholic acid 2. deoxycholic acid

Question 30

circulation where bile salt present in the body that are not sufficient to fully process the fats in a typical meal, this circulation help it to be recycled

Answer 30

enterohepatic circulation

Question 31

(fill in the blanks) specific transporters in the ____________ move bile salts from the lumen of the digestive tract to the intestinal capillaries. transported directly to the liver via the ____________.

Answer 31

terminal ileum hepatic portal vein

Question 32

small passageways that convey bile out

Answer 32

bile canaliculi

Question 33

enterohepatic circulation of bile salts (pathway)

Answer 33

LIVER: cholesterol > bile acids > bile salts [gall bladder] SMALL INTESTINES: bile salts > bile acids > blood to liver or > secondary bile acids

Question 34

portal of bile acids

Answer 34

blood

Question 35

severe pancreatic deficiency such as _______ results in malabsorption of fats due to impaired digestion

Answer 35

cystic fibrosis

Question 36

an antiobesity drug inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases

Answer 36

orlistat

Question 37

dietary cholesterol is mainly present in __________ form

Answer 37

free non esterified

Question 38

are hydrolyzed by pancreatic cholesteryl esterase (cholesterol ester hydrolase) to produce cholesterol and free fatty acid

Answer 38

cholesteryl esters

Question 39

two types of degredation for enzymatic activity:

Answer 39

cholesteryl ester degradation and phospholipid degradation

Question 40

the enzyme ___________ requires bile salts for optimum activity

Answer 40

phospholipase A2

Question 41

are disk shaped clusters of amphiphatic lipids that coalesce with their hydrophobic groups on the inside and their hydrophilic groups on the outside of clusters

Answer 41

micelles

Question 42

drug that blocks a protein that specifically mediates cholesterol transport across the apical plasma membrane of enterocytes

Answer 42

ezetimibe

Question 43

a drug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Answer 43

statin

Question 44

dietery fat composition (in order)

Answer 44

1. triglycerides 2. cholesterol 3. cholesteryl esters 4. phospholipids 5. unsterified fatty acids

Question 45

pancreatic juice

Answer 45

sodium bicarbonate and pancreatic lipase

Question 46

fatty stool term

Answer 46

steatorrhea

Question 47

gallstone term

Answer 47

cholelithiasis