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BIOCHEM FINALS > CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND RISKS > Flashcards

CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND RISKS Flashcards

1
Q

a parent structure of cholesterol

A

cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene

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2
Q

functions of cholesterol

A

Cholesteryl esters
lipoproteins
bile salts
vitamin d
steroids hormones
membrane formation

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3
Q

The largest contribution in biosynthesis of cholesterol is made by

A

LIVER (50%),
INTESTINE (15%),
SKIN,
ADRENAL CORTEX,
REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES.

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4
Q

The enzymes involved in the synthesis are found in the ________ and _______ fractions of the cells.

A

CYTOSOL
MICROSOMAL

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5
Q

provides the carbon atoms in the
cholesterol.

A

acetyl coa

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6
Q

required for production of 1 mole of cholesterol

A

1 8 moles of Acetyl CoA
3 6 m o l e s o f ATP
/ 16 moles of NADPH

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7
Q

Steps of the Cholesterol Synthesis

A

• Formation of HMG CoA
• Formation of Mevalonate (6C)
• Production of Isoprenoid units (5C)
• Synthesis of Squalene
• Conversion of …..
Squalene to Cholesterol (27C

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8
Q

the rate limiting enzyme
in cholesterol biosynthesis.

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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9
Q

different kinds of metabolic control:

A

Feedback Regulation
* Hormonal Regulation
* Nutritional Regulation

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10
Q

Competitive inhibitor drugs of HMG-CoA reductase:

A

Pravastatin
Lovastatin
Mevastatin
Simvastatin
Fluvastatin

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11
Q

Degradation of Cholesterol important products

A

Bile acids & Bile Salts
Steroid Hormones
Vitamin D

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12
Q

primary bile acids

A

cholic acid
chenodeoxycholic acid

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13
Q

The primary bile acids are conjugate with
glycine and taurine to form

A

Glycocholicacid
Taurocholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

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14
Q

a process that involves the movement of substances from the liver to the small intestine and back again

A

enterohepatic circulation

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15
Q

responsible for keeping the
cholesterol in bile in the soluble
state.

A

Bile salts and phospholipids

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16
Q

Due to their deficiency of the gall bladder leads to the accumulation of cholesterol
crystals in the gall bladder.
• This condition is known as

A

cholelithiasis

17
Q

Patients with this condition are responds to the
administration of the bile acid chenodeoxycholic
acid known as _______.

A

CHENODIOL

18
Q

the precursor for the synthesis of all the
five classes of steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

19
Q

five classes of steroid hormones

A

Glucocorticoid
• Mineralocorticoids
• Progesterones
• Androgens
• Estrogens

20
Q

responsible for the transport and elimination of cholesterol from the body.

A

HDL and the enzyme LCAT

21
Q

a plasma enzyme synthesized in liver.

A

LCAT

22
Q

Plasma cholesterol is associated with the different forms of
lipoprotein fractions like:

A

HDL (40 to 60 mg/dl)
LDL (less than130 mg/dI)
VLDL (1/5th of TGL

23
Q

HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
This condition is associated with the
following:

A

DM
Hypothyroidism
Obstructive Jaundice
Nephrotic Syndrome
CHD
ARTHEROSCLEROSIS

24
Q

Control of Hypercholesterolemia

A

Consumption of PUFA
• Dietary Cholesterol
• Dietary fibre
• Avoid high Carbohydrate
• Impact life style
•Moderate alcohol consumption
Uses of drugs

25
Q

It is characterized by intimal lesions called
atheromas (also called atheromatous or
atherosclerotic plaques), that protrude into vascular lumina.

A

A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s

26
Q

a slow and progressive building up of plaque, fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste
products, calcium and fibrin

A

atherosclerosis

27
Q

a type of fat normally found in the bloodstream.

A

cholesterol

28
Q

what are the different types of cholesterol in the blood

A

hdl and ldl cholesterol

29
Q

a type of fat found in the blood that provide fuel to help with daily activities, just as a car needs gasoline to function properly.

A

triglycerides

30
Q

the combination of LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C.

A

total cholesterol

31
Q

This is called the “bad” cholesterol.

A

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

32
Q

This is called the “good” cholesterol because it helps carry away LDL cholesterol, thus keeping arteries open and your blood flowing more freely.

A

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

33
Q

This is a type of cholesterol that’s usually present in very low amounts when the blood sample is a fasting samples since it’s mostly comes from food you’ve recently eaten.

A

Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol:

BIOCHEM FINALS (8 decks)

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