Gas Laws Flashcards
What is Boyle’s Law?
Boyle’s Law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. The law can be expressed as:
** 𝑃1 𝑉1= 𝑃2 𝑉2 **
where
𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are the initial and final pressures,
and 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 are the initial and final volumes.
What is Charles’ Law?
A: Charles’ Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (measured in Kelvin) at constant pressure. The law can be expressed as:
𝑉1 / 𝑇1 = 𝑉2 / 𝑇2
where 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 are the initial and final volumes,
and 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 are the initial and final temperatures.
What is the Pressure Law (or Gay-Lussac’s Law)?
The Pressure Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant volume. The law can be expressed as:
𝑃1 / 𝑇1 = 𝑃2 / 𝑇2
where 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are the initial and final pressures, and
𝑇1 and 𝑇2 are the initial and final temperatures.
What is the general gas equation?
The general gas equation combines Boyle’s, Charles’, and Pressure Laws and is expressed as:
𝑃 × 𝑉 = 𝑛 × 𝑅 × 𝑇
where 𝑃 is the pressure,
𝑉 is the volume,
𝑛 is the number of moles,
𝑅 is the universal gas constant, and 𝑇 is the temperature in Kelvin.
What is the Ideal Gas Equation?
The Ideal Gas Equation is a specific form of the general gas equation, used to describe the behavior of an ideal gas:
𝑃 × 𝑉 = 𝑛 × 𝑅 × 𝑇
where 𝑃 is the pressure,
𝑉 is the volume,
𝑛 is the number of moles,
𝑅 is the gas constant, and
𝑇 is the temperature in Kelvin.
What is the Van der Waals equation?
The Van der Waals equation adjusts the Ideal Gas Equation to account for real gas behavior by including terms for intermolecular forces and the finite size of gas molecules:
( 𝑃 + 𝑎 / 𝑉2) (𝑉 − 𝑏) = 𝑛 × 𝑅 × 𝑇
where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants specific to each gas, accounting for the attractive forces between molecules and the volume occupied by the molecules, respectively.
