Gas Exchange and the Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
1.9 - 1.16 +1.18&1.21
Where does Gas Exchange occur in the body?
Lungs
Give the pathway of air from mouth to lungs?
Mouth/Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli
How does CO2 exit the body?
Gaseous Exchange
How does O2 enter the body?
Gas Exchange
Give the adaptations of the alveoli? (4)
Large Surface Area
Moist walls
Close to blood capillary
Short diffusion distance
What 2 blood vessels does blood transport around the body in?
Arteries
Veins
Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood?
Artery - Oxygenated
Vein - Deoxygenated
Give the adaptations of the arteries?
Thick muscle wall
Small lumen = high pressure
Give the adaptations of the veins?
Thin muscle wall
Larger lumen = low pressure
Has valves preventing back flow
Give the adaptations of capillaries?
Single layer of cells allows a short diffusion distance
Do arteries carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?
Carry Oxygenated blood away from the heart in pulmonary vein
Do veins carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?
Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart in pulmonary artery
Define Vasodilation?
Means the blood vessels become wider allowing more blood to be delivered to active areas
Define Vasoconstriction?
Means blood vessels become narrower restricting how much blood is delivered to inactive areas
Name all the parts of the heart? (10 parts)
- Pulmonary Artery
- Vena Carva
- Right Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Semi-lunar valve
- Septum
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Left Ventricle
- Aorta
What is the job of the atria?
To receive blood
What is the job of the ventricles?
To eject blood to muscles or heart
What do the pulmonary vein/artery, lungs and left and right atria all have in common?
They are in the Pulmonary Circuit
What do the right and left ventricle, aorta, body and vena carva all have in common?
There are in the Systemic Circuit
What does Diastole mean?
heart ventricles are relaxed allowing heart to fill with blood
What does Systole mean?
ventricles contract pumping blood to arteries
What are common features of diastole in the heart?
- Low Pressure
- Atria + ventricles relaxed
- Valves open
- Blood can pass through ventricles
What are common features of systole in the heart?
- High pressure
- Ventricles contract
- Right ventricle force blood along P artery
- Left ventricle force blood along aorta to body
Give the equation for Cardiac Output?
Q = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Vol
What is Cardiac output?
Volume of blood that the heart pumps out per minute
What is HR?
Beats per minute
What is Stroke volume?
Volume of blood leaving the heart in 1 contraction
What is Anticipatory rise?
When adrenaline is released due to anticipation of exercise, increases HR
What happens during inspiration? (3)
Intercoastal muscles contract
Chest cavity increases
Diaphragm moves downwards
What happens during expiration? (3)
Muscles relax
Diaphragm relaxes moving up
Chest cavity volume decreases
What 3 muscles help breathing which aren’t in the ribcage?
Pectorals
Abdominals
Sternocleidomastoid
Define Tidal Volume?
Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing rate
Define Expiratory reserve volume?
Additional air forcibly exhaled after normal expiration of normal tidal volume
Define Inspiratory reserve volume?
Additional air inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume
Define Residual Volume?
Vol of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration
What is EPOC?
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery un excess which would have ordinarily been consumed at rest.
What is Oxygen Debt?
Caused by too much lactic acid in anaerobic exercise
What is the Oxygen Deficit?
Time delay as body realises there needs to be a supply of O2.
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Post exercise Oxygen Consumption
