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Physical Education 3rd and 4th Form > Gas Exchange and the Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Gas Exchange and the Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1.9 - 1.16 +1.18&1.21

1
Q

Where does Gas Exchange occur in the body?

A

Lungs

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2
Q

Give the pathway of air from mouth to lungs?

A

Mouth/Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli

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3
Q

How does CO2 exit the body?

A

Gaseous Exchange

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4
Q

How does O2 enter the body?

A

Gas Exchange

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5
Q

Give the adaptations of the alveoli? (4)

A

Large Surface Area
Moist walls
Close to blood capillary
Short diffusion distance

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6
Q

What 2 blood vessels does blood transport around the body in?

A

Arteries
Veins

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7
Q

Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood?

A

Artery - Oxygenated
Vein - Deoxygenated

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8
Q

Give the adaptations of the arteries?

A

Thick muscle wall
Small lumen = high pressure

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9
Q

Give the adaptations of the veins?

A

Thin muscle wall
Larger lumen = low pressure
Has valves preventing back flow

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10
Q

Give the adaptations of capillaries?

A

Single layer of cells allows a short diffusion distance

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11
Q

Do arteries carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?

A

Carry Oxygenated blood away from the heart in pulmonary vein

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12
Q

Do veins carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart in pulmonary artery

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13
Q

Define Vasodilation?

A

Means the blood vessels become wider allowing more blood to be delivered to active areas

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14
Q

Define Vasoconstriction?

A

Means blood vessels become narrower restricting how much blood is delivered to inactive areas

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15
Q

Name all the parts of the heart? (10 parts)

A
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Vena Carva
  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Semi-lunar valve
  • Septum
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Left atrium
  • Left Ventricle
  • Aorta
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16
Q

What is the job of the atria?

A

To receive blood

17
Q

What is the job of the ventricles?

A

To eject blood to muscles or heart

18
Q

What do the pulmonary vein/artery, lungs and left and right atria all have in common?

A

They are in the Pulmonary Circuit

19
Q

What do the right and left ventricle, aorta, body and vena carva all have in common?

A

There are in the Systemic Circuit

20
Q

What does Diastole mean?

A

heart ventricles are relaxed allowing heart to fill with blood

21
Q

What does Systole mean?

A

ventricles contract pumping blood to arteries

22
Q

What are common features of diastole in the heart?

A
  • Low Pressure
  • Atria + ventricles relaxed
  • Valves open
  • Blood can pass through ventricles
23
Q

What are common features of systole in the heart?

A
  • High pressure
  • Ventricles contract
  • Right ventricle force blood along P artery
  • Left ventricle force blood along aorta to body
24
Q

Give the equation for Cardiac Output?

A

Q = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Vol

25
Q

What is Cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood that the heart pumps out per minute

26
Q

What is HR?

A

Beats per minute

27
Q

What is Stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood leaving the heart in 1 contraction

28
Q

What is Anticipatory rise?

A

When adrenaline is released due to anticipation of exercise, increases HR

29
Q

What happens during inspiration? (3)

A

Intercoastal muscles contract
Chest cavity increases
Diaphragm moves downwards

30
Q

What happens during expiration? (3)

A

Muscles relax
Diaphragm relaxes moving up
Chest cavity volume decreases

31
Q

What 3 muscles help breathing which aren’t in the ribcage?

A

Pectorals
Abdominals
Sternocleidomastoid

32
Q

Define Tidal Volume?

A

Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing rate

33
Q

Define Expiratory reserve volume?

A

Additional air forcibly exhaled after normal expiration of normal tidal volume

34
Q

Define Inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Additional air inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume

35
Q

Define Residual Volume?

A

Vol of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

36
Q

What is EPOC?

A

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery un excess which would have ordinarily been consumed at rest.

37
Q

What is Oxygen Debt?

A

Caused by too much lactic acid in anaerobic exercise

38
Q

What is the Oxygen Deficit?

A

Time delay as body realises there needs to be a supply of O2.

39
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

Excess Post exercise Oxygen Consumption

Physical Education 3rd and 4th Form (13 decks)

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