Gas exchange and breathing Flashcards
What is the 1st tube called that air goes down from the mouth?
The trachea (wind pipe)-a large tube
Where does air enter?
Through your nose and mouth
Which tubes link the bronchi to the air sacs in the lungs?
The bronchioles - tiny tubes in each lung.
What does air move into from the bronchioles?
The alveoli - air sacs. One air sac is called an alveolus.
What happens after the air has moved into an air sac?
Oxygen diffuses into the blood
What is gas exchange?
Gas exchange is when O2 goes into the bloodstream and CO2 goes from the blood stream to the alveolus
What is a capillary?
A tiny blood vessel
What is respiration?
Making energy in cells in all living things all the time
What tubes does the trachea lead to?
The trachea splits into two ‘bronchi’ (each one is a ‘bronchus’). Each bronchus leads to a lung.
Where does gas exchange take place?
In the lungs.
Which gases are exchanged in the lungs when air is breathed in?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
During gas exchange, where does each gas move from and to?
Oxygen moves from the air sacs (alveoli) to the blood vessels (capillaries).
Carbon dioxide moves from the blood vessels to the air sacs.
What is the waste product of respiration?
Carbon dioxide - it passes out of the blood and into the air sacs (alveoli) from where it is breathed out.
What is inhaling and exhaling?
Inhaling - breathing IN
Exhaling - breathing out
How do we breathe air in and out?
1 Diaphragm moves down, increasing the volume of the chest cavity.
2 This makes pressure decrease, so air rushes in to fill the lungs.
3 Diaphragm moves up, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity.
4 This makes pressure increase, forcing air to rush out.
What process occurs in the alveolus?
Gas exchange
Which bones protect the lungs?
The ribs.
Which air has most carbon dioxide? Inhaled air or exhaled air?
Exhaled air. Carbon dioxide is the waste product of respiration and is exchanged for oxygen in the lungs, so oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled.
What is the trachea?
The windpipe. It links the mouth to the bronchi.
What happens when you inhale?
Your diaphragm moves down making more room in your chest cavity. This decreases pressure so air is drawn into the lungs.
What happens when you exhales?
Your diaphragm moves up making less room in your chest cavity. This increases pressure so air is forced out of your lungs.
How does oxygen get into our blood stream.?
We breathe in so oxygen enters the body through the nose and mouth. It travels down the trachea, along a bronchus, then along a bronchioles, into an alveolus. From the alveolus it diffuses into the blood.
Whats the difference between exhaled air and inhaled air?
Inhaled Exhaled
Cooler Warmer
Contains more oxygen Contains less oxygen
Less carbon dioxide More carbon dioxide
Less water vapour More water vapour
Muscles contract. Muscles relax
Ribcage moves up and out. Ribcage moves down and inwards
ACTIVE. Passive
How do the ribs and diaphragm move when you breath in and out?
Breath in Breath out
Ribcage moves up and out. Ribcage moves down and in
Diaphragm moves down. Diaphragm moves up
Explain why the ribs and diaphragm force air in and out?
Because some cells can’t function without oxygen so the ribs and diaphragm force In the air but it forces the air out because it’s a waste product and the and the body doesn’t need it.
Describe the pathway of air as it moves into the lungs
You breath in through your nose, then it goes down the trachea into the bronchus through the bronchioles the into the alveolus.
Describe 4 features of the alveolus that make it good at its job
Close blood supply
They give the lungs a really big surface area
They have moist thin walls just 1 cell thick
They have a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillarys
