Cells Flashcards
What instrument would you use to look at a cell?
Microscope
What is an organism?
A LIVING THING made up of CELLS.
What can you do to help see cells under a microscope?
STAIN the cell with coloured dye or iodine.
Name 4 parts that both plant and animal cells have.
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
What is a nucleus?
Contains DNA and controls what the cell does.
What is the cytoplasm?
Jelly-like stuff in the cell where most of the chemical reactions happen.
What is the cell membrane?
Thin skin around the cell that holds the cell together, and controls what goes in & out.
What is the mitochondria?
Tiny structures in the cell where most of the REACTIONS for AEROBIC respiration happen.
Name 3 parts that only plant cells have and animal cells don’t have.
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is a cell wall?
Rigid outer coating containing cellulose, which gives support to the cell.
What is a vacuole?
Part of a plant cell filled with cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salt)
What is a chloroplast?
Part of a PLANT cell containing CHLOROPHYLL (used for photosynthesis).
What is a unicellular organism?
Living thing made up of only 1 cell.
Describe two different unicellular organisms.
Euglena (lives in water, swims with a tail like structure called a flagellum).
Amoeba (lives in water, squeezes water out of itself using a ‘contractile vacuole’).
What is tissue?
A GROUP OF similar CELLS.
What is an organ?
GROUP OF different TISSUES working together.
What is an organ system?
GROUP OF ORGANS working together.
How do things move in and out of cells?
By diffusion.
Why do things need to move in and out of cells?
Cells need good things like glucose and oxygen to come in.
But cells don’t need waste like carbon dioxide - this needs to come out.
What is diffusion?
The process where a substance moves FROM an area where there is LOTS of it, TO an area where there is LESS of it.
What is a cell?
A tiny building block, found in every living organism, where respiration takes place.
What do unicellular organisms have to help them survive?
They have ADAPTATIONS to the cell. Eg the tail of a Euglena.
If an organism has MORE than one cell, what is it called?
Multi-cellular.
Which type of respiration produces the most energy?
AEROBIC produces more energy than anaerobic respiration.
What are the DIFFERENCES between plant and animal cells?
Only PLANT cells have these 3 things:
A Cell WALL (made of cellulose)
VACUOLE (filled with cell sap)
Chloroplasts (containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis)
What are the SIMILARITIES between plant and animal cells?
Both plant AND animal cells have these 4 things:
Nucleus (controls the cell)
Cytoplasm (jelly where chemical reactions happen)
Cell MEMBRANE (skin around the cell)
MITOCHONDRIA (tiny structures where Aerobic respiration happens)
Where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria.
Where in the cell do most chemical reactions take place?
Cytoplasm.
What part of the cell controls what the cell does?
The Nucleus.
In a plant cell, where is Chlorophyll stored (used by the plant for photosynthesis)?
In the Chloroplasts.
Is Cellulose found in animal cells, or plant cells, or both?
Plant cells only. The cell wall of a plant cell is made of cellulose.
Which substances move into and out of cells during Aerobic respiration?
Glucose moves IN. Oxygen moves IN.
Glucose and oxygen is THEN turned into carbon dioxide, water and energy. So the carbon dioxide moves OUT. And the Water moves OUT.
In diffusion, where do substances go to and from?
FROM areas of HIGH concentration, TO areas of LOW concentration.
