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PT Exam 2 > Gait Abnormalities - Class 6 > Flashcards

Gait Abnormalities - Class 6 Flashcards

1
Q

common reasons for gait deviations

A

pain

weakness

deformity

sensory disturbances

disorders of muscle activity

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2
Q

pain

A

when a person has pain

–> they avoid movements or activities that increase pain

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3
Q

pain results in

A

fxnal decrease in ROM

leads to more pain and greater dysfxn

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4
Q

ex of pain

A

decreasing stance time to minimize stress on a painful joint or decreasing limb movements

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5
Q

weakness

A

when the muscles are weak

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6
Q

effects of weakness is seen in

A

decrease eccentric ability

decrease concentric activity

loss of DF eccentric activity at heel strike or toe drag during mid-swing

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7
Q

loss of DF eccentric activity at heel strike or toe drag during mid-swing

A

d/t insufficient concentric activity of anterior ankle muscles

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8
Q

if lateral hip muscles are weak

A

will experience hip drop on left side during right midstance

trunk lean ipsilaterally

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9
Q

deformity may be the result of

A

muscle imbalance

increased muscle activity

congenital abnormalities

amputation

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10
Q

other examples that could cause a deformity

A

increased muscle activity like spasticity

limited ROM –> contracture

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11
Q

a deformity could be

A

very significant or very minor

either way it causes changes to the structures –> pts will compensate and it will affect gait

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12
Q

deformities lead to

A

stress being placed in on other areas

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13
Q

deformity ex: limited DF ROM

A

puts more stress somewhere else

may increase deformity and further affect gait

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14
Q

most debilitating sensory disturbance on gait

A

loss of proprioception or position sense

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15
Q

loss of proprioception or position sense

A

very difficult to ambulate if you can’t feel the floor or don’t know where your foot is in space

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16
Q

disorders of muscle activity

A

disturbance in motor fxn

will greatly affect gait

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17
Q

what are limb movements usually limited by

A

synergies of flexion or extension

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18
Q

synergies prevent

A

motor movement combos

such as hip flexion and knee extension –> w/o these normal gait isnt possible

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19
Q

disorders of muscle activity may include

A

spasticity and muscle rigidity

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20
Q

antalgic gait

A

self protective

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21
Q

antalgic gait is a result of

A

pain caused by injury to the hip, knee or foot

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22
Q

what is affected in antalgic gait

A

stance phase of affected foot is shorter

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23
Q

antalgia =

A

pain

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24
Q

why is stance phase shorter

A

why would we want to stand on a painful leg

spending more time on the opposite limb

25
Q

ex of antalgic gait: hip is painful

A

the pt may shift over the painful hip –> COG gets closer to the axis –> moment are for gravity is less

26
Q

ex of antalgic pain: moment arm for gravity is less

A

decreasing the pull of the ABDs

decreasing forces on the joint

less compression on the painful joint

27
Q

step length and swing on the unaffected side –> antalgic gait

A

shorter

28
Q

what could we do to help someone with antalgic gait

A

give them an AD

reinforce normal gait pattern

AD will be opposite of the pain

29
Q

how with the AD be lined up –> antalgic gait

A

with the foot and take some of the weight off of the painful foot

30
Q

arthrogenic gait

A

d/t stiffness or deformity

may be painful or painless

31
Q

anthrogenic gait is a

A

decrease in hip or knee flexion

will cause the pt to vault

32
Q

valuting

A

done to clear the unaffected limb

pt raises the affected hip and PF of the unaffected side

33
Q

ataxic gait

A

pt with poor sensation or who lacks muscle coordination

will have a tendency towards poor balance

wide BOS

34
Q

cerebellar ataxia

A

has a lurch or stagger w/ exaggerated movements

35
Q

sensory ataxis

A

results in foot drop or slap

pt may watch their feet when they’re walking

ex: MS

36
Q

gluteus maximum gait

A

gluteus maximus is weak

37
Q

gluteus maximum gait –> pt will have

A

difficulty achieving hip extension from heel strike to midstance

38
Q

what will pts do with gluteus maximum gait

A

thrust the thorax posteriorly to maintain hip extension and support on the stance leg

39
Q

gluteus medium gait is

A

Trendelenburg

40
Q

gluteus medium gait

A

gluteus medius on the stance leg is weak

41
Q

in someone with gluteus medium gait

A

the opposite pelvis will drop
–> results in a lateral thrust of the thorax towards the weak side to compensate and maintain balance

42
Q

trendelenberg gait is named for the

A

weak side

43
Q

compensated Trendelenburg

A

side the pt is leaning towards is the side of weakness

44
Q

uncompensated Trendelenburg

A

no trunk lean

45
Q

hemiplegic gait

A

the affected leg circumducts or is pushed ahead by the hip in order to swing through

46
Q

affected upper limb –> hemiplegic gait

A

carried across the trunk for balance

47
Q

what may we observe with hemiplegic gait

A

excessive hip rotation

d/t poor muscle control around the pelvis

48
Q

parkinsonian gait

A

neck, trunk and knees are in a flexed position

49
Q

parkinsonian gait is characterized by

A

shuffling or short rapid steps

festinating gait pattern

arm sing shows unassociated movements or my not swing at all

50
Q

what might we give a pt with parkinsonian gait

A

a walker not with wheels

pts have a hard time stopping

this will slow down rapid progression once motion is initiated

51
Q

scissor gait results from

A

spastic paralysis of the hip ADDs

results in the knees being pulled closer together

some knee flexors as well

52
Q

to swing the knees forward –> scissor gait

A

takes alot of effort

compensate with trunk rotation

53
Q

scissor gait occurs with

A

CP pts

53
Q

short leg gait

A

one leg is shorter than the other

54
Q

pt with short leg gait will

A

demonstrate a trunk lean to the same side –> to get your foot on the ground

55
Q

steppage or foot drop gait

A

d/t weak or paralyzed DFs

56
Q

steppage or foot drop gait compensate to

A

clear the foot during swing phase

pt will lift the knee excessively high

57
Q

at initial contact –> steppage or foot drop

A

foot slaps on the ground d/t loss of control of DFs

PT Exam 2 (20 decks)

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