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PT Exam 2 > Common Postural Deformities - Class 7 > Flashcards

Common Postural Deformities - Class 7 Flashcards

1
Q

many people have

A

less ideal posture

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2
Q

not all posture deviations

A

cause pathology

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3
Q

what must clinicians be able to identify

A

normal posture

asymptomatic deviations

postural deviations possibly causing soft tissue dysfxn and pain

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4
Q

what must we keep in mind when evaluating posture

A

any potential muscle imbalances can either cause the poor posture or be a result of the poor posture

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5
Q

postural deviations could also be the result of

A

skeletal malalignment

anomalies

combination

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6
Q

common postural deformities

A

foot and ankle

knee

spinal column

scoliosis

shoulder and scapula

head and cervical spine

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7
Q

foot and ankle

A

pronated foot

supinated foot

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8
Q

pronated foot

A

characteristic of excessively pronated subtalar and midtarsal joints

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9
Q

a pronated foot is characterized by

A

ADD and PF of the talus

eversion of the calcaneus

when WBing

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10
Q

supinated foot is characterized by

A

ABD and DF of the talus

inversion of calcaneus

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11
Q

what else is seen with a supinated foot

A

higher medial longitudinal arch

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12
Q

the knee

A

genu recurvatum

genu valgum

genu varum

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13
Q

genu recurvatum

A

person has greater than 5 degrees of knee hyperextension

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14
Q

how does one with genu recurvatum often stand

A

with knees locked in an extreme extended position

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15
Q

genu recurvatum could be caused by

A

congenital

pathology (combined tear of ACL & PCL)

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16
Q

genu valgum

A

excessive median angulating of the knee

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17
Q

someone with genu valgum’s knees are

A

visibly closer together

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18
Q

how could we determine if someone has excessive genu valgum

A

objectively measuring a person’s Q angle

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19
Q

why does genu valgus occur

A

b/c of structural abnormalities at the hip

contributing weakness at the hip

secondary to hyperpronation of the feet

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20
Q

genu varum

A

lateral angulation at the knees

knees are further apart

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21
Q

why does genu varum occur

A

b/c of structural anomalies at the hip

excessive supination of the foot

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22
Q

spinal column

A

hyperlordotic curve

kypholordotic posture

swayback posture

flatback posture

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23
Q

hyperlordotic curve

A

increase in the lumbar lordosis

w/o compensation in the thoracic or cervical spines

24
Q

what may be acquired w/ hyperlordotic curve

A

increased lordosis secondary to adaptive shortening of hip flexors

25
Q

adaptive shortening of hip flexors

A

rotating the ilia anteriorly

pulling the lumbar spine anteriorly

26
Q

what may be present in a hyperlordotic curve

A

large anterior abdominal mass

27
Q

large anterior abdominal mass –> including

A

pregnancy

obesity

poor posture awareness

ligamentous laxity

muscle weakness

these may increase lumbar lordosis as well

28
Q

kypholordotic posture

A

pt has increased lumbar lordosis

there is also a compensatory increase in thoracic kyphosis

cervical lordosis increases

29
Q

compensatory increase in thoracic kyphosis –> kypholordotic

A

attempt to maintain the spine in a position of equilibrium

30
Q

cervical lordosis increases –> kypholordotic

A

forward head posture

to compensate for other areas

31
Q

with kypholordotic posture

A

adaptive changes in muscle length can be observed throughout the trunk

32
Q

swayback posture

A

increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis

causes hips to extend

33
Q

what does swayback position create

A

position of instability

34
Q

position of instability –> swayback

A

b/c spinal column relies on ligaments rather than muscles for support

35
Q

what is swayback posture associated w/

A

ectomorph

lax ligamentous mesomorph body types

36
Q

in swayback position

A

joints are usually at the ends of their ranges

–> placing excessive strain on the surrounding ligamentous structures

37
Q

flatback posture

A

loss of the normal “S” shaped curve of the spine in the sagittal plane

38
Q

what happens to the spine in flatback posture

A

thoracic and lumbar curves are decreased

spine is relatively straight

39
Q

what is flatback posture associated w/

A

forward head

posterior pelvic tilt

40
Q

forward head –> flatback

A

occurs to counteract the posterior displacement of the thoracic and lumbar spines

41
Q

scoliosis

A

another deck

42
Q

shoulder and scapula

A

forward shoulder posture

scapula winging

43
Q

forward shoulder posture

A

protraction and elevation of the scap

forward rounded posture of the shoulders

44
Q

what may forward shoulder posture involve

A

scapular winging

internal humeral rotation

45
Q

what does forward shoulder posture occur w/

A

forward head posture

46
Q

common causes of forward shoulder posture

A

poor postural sense

adaptively shortened anterior chest muscles (esp pec minor)

associated elongation of the posterior interscapular muscles

abnormal cervical and thoracic spine sagittal plane curvatures

47
Q

abnormal cervical and thoracic spine sagittal plane curvatures –> forward shoulder

A

alter position of the scap

48
Q

scapular winging

A

medial border projects posteriorly

49
Q

how can scapular winging occur

A

b/c of weakness of the periscapular muscles

secondary to trauma to the long thoracic nerve

50
Q

weakness of the periscapular muscles –> scap winging

A

serratus anterior

middle and lower traps

51
Q

when is scap winging most apparent

A

overhead movements

52
Q

head and cervical spine

A

forward head posture

53
Q

forward head posture

A

anterior displacement of the head relative to the thorax

54
Q

forward head posture is a

A

very common postural deviation

55
Q

what is forward head posture characterized by

A

external auditory meatus aligning anterior to the acromion process

56
Q

forward head posture results in

A

flexion of the lower c-spine

flattening or flexion of the mid cervical spine

extension of the upper cervical spine

PT Exam 2 (20 decks)

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