GAIT Flashcards
Feet in normal gait
The feet are slightly externally rotated, the
steps are approximately equal, and the medial malleoli
almost touch as each foot passes the other
The normal gait cycle, defined as the period between
successive points at which the
_________________
heel of the same foot
strikes the ground,
The ________________, during which the foot is in contact
with the ground, occupies 60 to 65 percent of the cycle
stance phase
______________begins when the right toes leave the
ground
The swing phase
For 20 to 25 percent of the walking cycle, both
feet are in contact with the ground ____________
(double-limb support).
the requirements
for locomotion in an upright, bipedal position may be
reduced to the following elements:
(1) antigravity support
of the body, (2) stepping, (3) the maintenance of
equilibrium, and (4) a means of propulsion
The muscles of greatest importance in maintaining the
erect posture are the _____ and _______
erector spinae and the extensors of the
hips and knees
These____________ depend on the afferent
vestibular, somatosensory (proprioceptive and tactile), and
visual impulses, which are integrated in the spinal cord,
brainstem, and basal ganglia
postural reflexes
Transection of the neuraxis
between the red and vestibular nuclei leads to exaggeration
of these antigravity reflexes-__________
decerebrate rigidity
_________ the second element, is a basic movement
pattern present at birth and integrated at the spinal midbrain and diencephalic levels.
Stepping
The ________ is absolutely integral to initiating
and engaging the gait cycle.
frontal lobe
true “gait center” in the cerebrum
supplementary motor areas relating
to the legs
the __________________ embody automatic
programs for walking that are intimately tied to adjacent networks in the striatum
medial frontal lobes
Patients with a ___________ show unsteadiness in standing and walking, often without widening
their base, and an inability to descend stairs without
holding onto the banister
chronic vestibulopathy
Chronic disorders of vestibular function in relation
to gait disorders are most often the result of prolonged
administration of ______ or other toxic medications, which destroy the hair cells of the _______
aminoglycoside antibiotics
vestibular labyrinth.
Vestibular suppressants, such as _________
that are available over the counter, can lead to
decreased function of the vestibular system
meclizine and
similar medications, mostly anticholinergic and antihistaminic
Where is the lesion?..There is difficulty in taking the first step; once it is taken, and in extreme cases, the body pitches forward and a fall
can be prevented only by catch-up stepping (propulsive
festination) .
BG
Pain in the hips or knees can lead to a disorder ___________ that can be challenging to distinguish from neurological
causes of gait problems
(antalgic
gait)
the____________-marked swaying or falling with the eyes closed but not with the eyes open-usually indicates a loss of postural sense, not of cerebellar function, although with ___________disease there may be an exaggeration
of swaying.
Romberg sign
vestibular or cerebellar
A tendency to veer to one side, as
occurs with unilateral cerebellar or vestibular disease,
can be brought out by having the_________
patient walk around
a chair.