ANXIETY DISORDERS Flashcards
embraces the totality of a person’s mental attributes,
observable behavior, and reportable subjective
experience–the sum of which distinguishes one individual
from all others
personality
approximately _______percent of the general population,
certain personality traits are so pronounced as to
be distressing to the individual and disturbing to others,
even though the patient is not manifestly sociopathic
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Although considered to be the most frequent of mental
disturbances, the ________ are among the least
understood
anxiety disorders
all of the neuroses have been
again subsumed in three broad categories:
(1)______ (which include panic states, with and without
agoraphobia, and the phobic and obsessive-compulsive
neuroses);
(2) ________ (comprising hysterical
neurosis, orconversiondisorder, andhypochondriasis);
and
(3)__________
anxiety disorders
somatoform disorders
dissociative disorder
A syndrome of general irritability,
anxious expectation, anxiety attacks, somatic accompaniments
or equivalents of anxiety (breathlessness, chest
pain, asthenia), and nightmares
anxiety neurosis
the
sensory experience was all there was to emotion. What theory?
James-Lang theory of emotion
Many patients experience a constant uneasiness that
the spells may reoccur, especially in public; hence the
patient may be fearful of leaving home lest help not be
available should an attack occur. What phenomenon?
Agoraphobia
anxiety are also a prominent feature of
the ________ and ______
postconcussive and posttraumatic stress syndromes
Anxiety disorder has been attributed to a:
- genetic abnormality,
- to a “constitutional weakness” of the nervous
system, - to social and psychologic factors, and to
- physiologic and biochemical derangements
Ave age of acute and chronic anxiety
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T or F
The symptoms o f an anxiety attack resemble those of
fear in many ways, although nearly always the former are
longer in duration and less distinct.
T
it has been observed that anger provokes an excessive secretion
of ________, whereas fear is accompanied by
increased secretion of ________
norepinephrine
epinephrine.
lobes. In states
of fear, the tips of the _______ and ______i are known to become activated.
temporal lobes and the amygdaloid
nuclei
In the relaxed
period between panic attacks, the_________ and ________are abnormally active in
some studies.
right limbic system
and the parahippocampal gyrus
Indeed, some
psychiatrists believe that anxiety neurosis is accounted
for mainly by a variant of ______
depression
The presence of symptoms such as
overwhelming fatigue, self-deprecation, and feelings of
hopelessness and, of course, ideas of self-destruction
makes depression the fundamental diagnosis, with anxiety
an associated feature
anxious depression
Certain medications, particularly _____ and ______
are effective in suppressing panic attacks and
creating a sense of well-being
anxiolytics
antidepressants,
Anxiety disorder tx
the benzodiazepine
__________ is favored by some psychiatrists, but lorazepam and clonazepam are almost as effective and are considered slightly less likely to cause dependence.
alprazolam (2 to 6 mg/ d)
________ and________ are also effective
in the prevention of panic attacks and agoraphobia, but
their onset of action is delayed for weeks
Tricyclic antidepressants and drugs that raise serotonin
concentrations in the nervous system (selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRis]
_______, a specific serotonin 5-HT
agonist, has been promoted as effective in the treatmen
of anxiety and as a surrogate for benzodiazepines, but
to us its benefit has seemed to be slight
Buspirone
T or F
during the initial weeks of admin istration of
antzdepressants, the underlying anxiety Symptoms may worsen and an anxiolytic is usually required until the antidepressant becomes effective
T
___________, reduces many of
the autonomic accompaniments of anxiety and is useful
to many patients.
Propranolol, 10 to 20 mg tid
With regard to psychotherapy, behavioral
therapy __________ is said to be beneficial, particularly
if agoraphobia is a major symptom
(progressive exposure of the patient to panicprovoking
situations)
The patient is
chronically fearful of a particular animal or situation
and becomes extremely anxious or panic stricken and
incapacitated when placed in a situation that evokes the
phobia.
Phobic d/o
ike the pure phobic states, a state dominated by _______ is relatively rare, occurring in less
than 5 percent of patients seeking help in a psychiatric
outpatient clinic, but it can be extremely disabling
obsessions
and compulsions
defined as imperative and distressing
thoughts and impulses that persist in the patient’s mind
despite a desire to resist and to get rid of them
Obsessions
in which phrases, rhymes, ideas, or vivid images
(these are often absurd, blasphemous, obscene, and sometimes
frightening) constantly intrude into consciousness
intellectual obsessions
in which the mind is dominated by
an impulse to kill oneself, to stab one’s children, or to
perform some other objectionable act
impulsive obsessions,
in which every act must be ruminated upon and
analyzed before it is carried out-a state that is cleverly
called doubting mania
inhibiting obsessions
________are acts that result from obsessions.
These are single acts or a series of acts (rituals) that the
patient must carry out in order to put his mind at ease
Compulsion
The most common of these obsessions and
compulsions center around _____
contamination concerns that
lead to repeated hand washing or bathing
Certain motor disturbances-namely, habit spasms
or tics-are, in a sense, _________. They consist
of repetitious movements of the shoulders, arms, hands,
and certain of the facial muscles
motor compulsions
Additional insight into obsessive-compulsive disorder
may be obtained from the many cases in which
acquired striatal damage may be linked to obsessional
behavior. One such entity is a_______
poststreptococcal tic
disorder termed PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric
disorders associated with streptococcal infections),
