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Colin Neuro > GA - Neck Myology > Flashcards

GA - Neck Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid M. (anterior border)

Trapezius M. (posterior border)

Clavicle (inferior border)

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2
Q

What are the subtriangles of the neck, and what separates them?

A

The subtriangles are two triangles that are formed by splitting the Posterior triangle into two portions

The Occipital Triangle (NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH THE Suboccipital Triangle)
- the larger, superior subtriangle

The Omoclavicular Triangle the smaller, inferior subtriangle

What separates the two subtriangles is a muscle known as the Omohyoid M.

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3
Q

What are origin and insertion points of the Sternocleidomastoid M.?

A

Origin (inferior end) of the muscle attaches to the Sterum and Clavicle

Insertion (superior end) point of the muscle is the Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone

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4
Q

What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid Ms.?

A

Sterncleidomastoid Ms. will cause the lateral flexion of the neck, and rotates face in the opposite direction of the side which the muscle lies

  • Right Sternocleidomastoid causes face to rotate to the left
  • Left Sternocleidomastoid M. causes face to rotate to the right
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5
Q

What innervates the Sternocleidomastoid M.?

A

Spinal Accessory N.

  • Also innervates the Trapezius M.
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6
Q

What is CMT?

A

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

  • Typically caused by fibrous mass in the Sternocleidomastoid M.
  • Causes a characteristic lateral flexion and rotation of the face

(lateral flexion toward side of muscle, rotation away from side of muscle

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7
Q

What is Spasmodic Torticollis?

A

Spasming of neck muscles causing uncontrolled lateral flexion/rotation of the face

  • Adult onset
  • Usually involves the Sternocleidomastoid M., but can involve other neck muscles
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8
Q

What are the Origins and insertions of the Scalene muscles?

A

Anterior Scalene M.: Originates at the First Rib, Inserts at transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Middle Scalene M.: Originates at the First Rib, Inserts onto transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Posterior Scalene M.: Originates at the Second Rib, Inserts onto Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

What are the actions of the Scalene Ms.?

A

Lateral Flexion, elevate ribs

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10
Q

What innervates the Anterior Scalene M.?

A

Muscular Branches off the Cervical Plexus of Nerves:

C4-C6

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11
Q

What innervates the Middle Scalene M.?

A

Muscular Branches off the Cervical Plexus of Nerves:

C3-C8

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12
Q

What are the borders of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck?

A

Mandible (superior border)

Sternocleidomastoid M. (lateral /posterior border)

Midline (medial/anterior border)

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13
Q

What are the subtriangles of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck?

A

There are 4 subtriangles of the anterior triangle of the neck. Two above the hyoid bone, and two below

The 2 subtriangles above the hyoid are:

  • Submandibular Triangle (below the Submandibular gland; lateral
  • Submental Triangle (below the chin; medial)

The 2 triangles below the hyoid are:

  • Carotid Triangle
  • Muscular Triangle
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14
Q

What structure separates the 2 subtriangles of the Anterior Triangle of the neck above the hyoid bone?

A

Anterior Belly of the Digastric M.

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15
Q

What important structure is within the Muscular Subtriangle?

A

The Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid glands

Also:

  • Sternohyoid M.
  • Sternothyroid M.
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16
Q

What important structure is found within the Carotid Subtriangle?

A
  • Hypoglossal N. (also seen in the Submandibular Subtriangle)
  • Internal Jugular V.
  • Vagus N.
  • Ansa Cervicalis (Neck Loop)
  • External Carotid A.
  • Internal Carotid A.
  • Common Carotid A.
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17
Q

What structures are found within the Submental Subtriangle?

A

Submental Lymph nodes

Small veins that form the Anterior Jugular V.

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18
Q

What structures are found within the Submandibular Subtriangle?

A
  • Facial A.
  • Submental A.
  • Submandibular Gland
  • Hypoglossal N.
  • Mylohyoid N.
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19
Q

Where is the Hypoglossal N. and what does it innervate?

A

Hypoglossal N. is Cranial Nerve XII

Hypoglossal means “under the tongue”

Hypoglossal N. innervates the most of the muscles of the tongue

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20
Q

Describe the Geniohyoid Ms.

A

Two sheets of muscle that run from the inside surface of the mandible to the body of the hyoid

They are superior to the Mylohyoid Ms.

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21
Q

Describe the Mylohyoid Ms.

A

Two sheets of muscle that span most of the space between the mandible and the hyoid bone.

They are inferior to the Geniohyoid Ms.

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22
Q

Describe the Digastric M.

A

Digastric means two bellies, thus has two origins

One origin is at the base of the temporal bone, lateral to the styloid process, in a space just medial to the Mastoid Process

The second origin is at the mandible.

It follows the Stylohyoid M., but is distinguished from it because the Digastric M. has a tendinous portion at its center as it passes over the hyoid bone

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23
Q

What innervates the Mylohyoid M.?

A

Mylohyoid N.

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24
Q

What innervates Geniohyoid M.?

A

Branches from C1

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25
Q

What innervates the Anterior Belly of the Digastric M.?

A

Mylohyoid N.

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26
Q

What innervates the Stylohyoid M.?

A

Branches of the Facial N.

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27
Q

What innervates the Posterior Belly of the Digastric M.?

A

Branches of the Facial N.

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28
Q

Describe the Sternothyroid M.

A

Muscle that Originates at the Mubrium of the Sternum and Inserts at the Thyroid Cartilage

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29
Q

Describe the Sternohyoid M.

A

Muscle that originates at the Manubrium of the Sternum and Inserts at the Hyoid Bone

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30
Q

Describe the Thyrohyoid M.

A

Muscle that Originates at the Thyroid Cartilage and Inserts at the Hyoid Bone

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31
Q

Describe the Omohyoid M.

A

Muscle that Originates at the Scapula (where the “omo” comes from) and Inserts at the Hyoid Bone

Has two bellies as well

  • Inferior Belly of Omohyoid M.
  • Superior Belly of Omohyoid M.
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32
Q

What innervates the Omohyoid M.?

A

Ansa Cervicalis (neck loop)

33
Q

What innervates the Sternohyoid M.?

A

Ansa Cervicalis (neck Loop)

34
Q

What innervates the Sternothyroid M.?

A

Ansa Cervicalis (neck loop)

35
Q

What innervates the Thyrohyoid M.?

A

Branch of C1 which travels with the Hypoglossal n.

36
Q

Describe the Platysma M.

A

Super Thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue

Its Origin is in the Soft tissue over the clavicle and its insertion is the mandible

37
Q

What innervates the Platysma M.?

A

Branch of the Facial N.

38
Q

What is the action of the Platysma M.?

A

“Platysma Face”

Clench teeth causing neck to furl

39
Q

Describe the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

A

There are three Pharyngeal Constrictor Ms.

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

They all come together and Insert onto the Pharyngeal Raphe (a seam of tissue that travels down the midline of the posterior aspect of the pharynx)

40
Q

Where does the Pharyngeal Raphe attach?

A

Pharyngeal Raphe attaches to the Pharyngeal Tubercle of the Occipital Bone

41
Q

What innervates the Pharyngeal Constrictor Ms.?

A

The Pharyngeal Branch of the Vagus N. and the Pharyngeal Plexus

42
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion of the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.?

A

Originates at the Pteromandibular Raphe

Inserts on the Pharyngeal Raphe and the Pharyngeal Tubercle of the Occipital Bone

43
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion of the Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.?

A

Originates at the Hyoid Bone

Inserts onto the Pharyngeal Raphe

44
Q

What are the Origin and Insertion of the Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.?

A

Originates at the Laryngeal Cartilages and inserts onto the Pharyngeal Raphe

45
Q

Describe the Palatopharyngeus M.

A

Originates at the Hard Palate (bones in roof of mouth) and inserts onto the Pharyngeal Cartilage

46
Q

Describe the Salpingopharyngeus M.

A

Salpinx means tube

Salpingopharyngeus M. Originates at the Cartilaginous Part of the Pharyngotympanic Tube (Cartilage of Auditory Tube; cartilaginous tube responsible for equalizing the pressure in the ear canal)

Inserts onto the Stylopharyngeus M.

47
Q

Describe the Stylopharyngeus M.

A

Small muscle that Originates at the Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone and Inserts at the Pharygeal Cartilage

Acts as a point of insertion for the Salpingopharyngeus M.

48
Q

Describe the Styloglossus M.

A

Small longitudinal muscle that Originates at the Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone and Inserts at the Tongue

49
Q

What are the Laryngeal muscles for?

A

Phonation

talking, singing, etc

50
Q

Describe the Cricothyroid M.

A

Small sheet of muscle that Originates at the Thyroid Cartilage and Inserts at the Cricoid Cartilage

51
Q

What innervates the Cricothyroid M.?

A

External Laryngeal N.

52
Q

What is the action of the Cricothyroid M.?

A

Lengthens/Stretches the Vocal Folds

53
Q

Describe the Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.

A

The Posterior Cricoarytenoid M. Originates at the Cricoid Cartilage (POSTERIORLY) and Inserts onto the Arytenoid Cartilage

54
Q

What is the action of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.?

A

Pulls the two Arytenoid Cartilages apart, causing the Rima Glottidis (space between the vocal folds) to increase

55
Q

Describe the Oblique Arytenoid M.

A

Muscle that forms an “X” between the two Arytenoid Cartilages

56
Q

Describe the Transverse Arytenoid M.

A

Sheet of muscle connecting the two Arytenoid Cartilages

57
Q

What is the action of the Oblique and Transverse Arytenoid Ms.?

A

Bring the two Arytenoid Cartilages closer together, causing the Rima Glottidis (space between the vocal folds) to decrease

58
Q

Describe the Aryepiglottic part of the Oblique Arytenoid M.

A

Thin longitudinal muscle that Originates at the Arytenoid Cartilage and Inserts on the Epiglottis

59
Q

What is the action of the Aryepiglottic part of the Oblique Arytenoid M.?

A

Brings the Arytenoid Cartilages Superior and anterior toward the epiglottis.

IT DOES NOT BEND THE EPIGLOTTIS TOWARD THE ARYTENOID CARTILAGE

60
Q

Describe the Thyroarytenoid M.

A

Originates at the Thyroid Cartilage and Inserts at the Arytenoid Cartilage

To be seen, the Thyroid Cartilage would have to be removed (this muscle is found behind/beneath it)

61
Q

Describe the Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.

A

Originates at the Cricoid Cartilage (LATERALLY) and Inserts at the Arytenoid Cartilage

62
Q

Describe the Vocalis M.

A

Tiny little muscle sits near the vocal ligament

63
Q

What is the action of the Vocalis M.?

A

Pulls the Arytenoid Cartialges Anteriorly

64
Q

What innervates the Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

65
Q

What innervates the Oblique Arytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

66
Q

What innervates the Transverse Arytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

67
Q

What innervates the Aryepiglottic part of the Oblique Arytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

68
Q

What innervates the Thyroarytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

69
Q

What innervates the Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

70
Q

What innervates the Vocalis M.?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

71
Q

What is the action of the Thryoarytenoid M.?

A

Pulls the arytenoid cartilages anteriorly

72
Q

Describe the Vertical Longus Colli M.

A

Colli means “neck”

Vertical Longus Colli is a sheet of muscle on the anterior side of the vertebrae than spans from C2 to T3 vertebrae

Does not reach the head

73
Q

Describe the Superior Oblique Longus Colli M.

A

Originates at the C3, C4, and C5 vertebrae and Inserts at the C1 vertebra

74
Q

Describe the Inferior Oblique Longus Colli M.

A

Originates at the T1, T2, and T3 vertebrae and Insert at the C5 and C6 vertebrae

75
Q

Describe the Longus Capitis M.

A

Origiantes at the C3, C4, C5, and C6 vertebrae and Inserts at the Occipital Bone

Capitis means “head”

76
Q

What innervates the Longus Capitis M. and the Longus Colli Ms.?

A

Muscular branches that come out of Cervical Spinal Nerves

77
Q

Describe the Rectus Capitis Anterior M. and the Rectus Capitis Lateralis M.

A

Two small muscles Originating at the Atlas (C1) and Inserting at the Occipital Bone

Anterior is medial

Lateral is Lateral

78
Q

Describe the Zones of Penetrating Neck Trauma

A

Zone I: From clavicle to cricoid cartilage - LESS DANGEROUS, HARDER TO FIX

Zone II: From cricoid cartialge to angle of the mandible - MOST DANGEROUS, BUT EASIEST TO FIX

Zone III: From angle of the mandible to the base of the skull - LESS DANGEROUS, HARDER TO FIX

Colin Neuro (15 decks)

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