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Colin Neuro > GA - Cervical Angiology and Neurology > Flashcards

GA - Cervical Angiology and Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the Right Common Carotid A. branch from and where does the Left Common Carotid A. branch from?

A

The Right Common Carotid A. branches off the Brachiocephalic Trunk (which is the first branch off the Aortic Arch)

The Left Common Carotid branches directly off the Aortic Arch (which is the second artery to branch off the aorta)

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2
Q

What is the first branch off of the External Carotid A.?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery, which supplies blood to the Thyroid Gland

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3
Q

What artery branches off the Superior Thyroid A.?

A

Superior Laryngeal A., which supplies blood to the Larynx

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4
Q

What is the second branch off the External Carotid A.?

A

Ascending Laryngeal A.
- Small vessel that branches off on the deep surface of the External Carotid A.

Supplies blood to the Pharynx, Anterior Vertebral Ms., Middle Ear, and Cranial Meninges

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5
Q

What is the Third branch off the External Carotid A.?

A

Lingual A.

Supplies blood to the tongue

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6
Q

What is the fourth branch off the External Carotid A.?

A

Facial A.

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7
Q

What are the branches of the facial A. and what structures do they supply?

A

Ascending Palatine Branch - Soft palate

Tonsilar Branch - Palatine Tonsils

Submental A. - Submandibular Gland

Facial A. continues to the face

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8
Q

What is the fifth branch off the External Carotid A.?

A

Occipital A. - supplies blood to the posterior scalp

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9
Q

What is the 6th branch of the External Carotid Artery?

A

Posterior Auricular A.

Supplies blood to the Parotid gland, Facial N., Temporal Bone, Auricle, and Scalp

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10
Q

What are the Terminal Branches of the External Carotid A. and what structures do they supply?

A

Superficial Temporal A.

Maxillary A.

Both supply various structures in the head

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11
Q

List the arteries branching off the External Carotid A. in order, with any of their branches

A

1) Superior Thyroid A.
- Superior Laryngeal A.

2) Ascending Pharyngeal A.
3) Lingual A.

4) Facial A.
- Ascending Palatine A.
- Tonsilar Branch
- Submental A.

5) Occipital A.
6) Posterior Auricular A.

7) Terminal Branches
Maxillary A.
Superifical Temporal A.

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12
Q

What is the difference between the Carotid Sinus and the Carotid Body?

A

Carotid Sinus has barroreceptors and is sensitive to blood pressure

Carotid Body has chemoreceptors and is sensitive to blood composition

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13
Q

What is CSH?

A

Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

Carotid sinus contains barroreceptors which are sensitive to pressure

When pressure increases, carotid sinus causes reflex fo vagal disharge, reducing heart rate and blood pressure

In CSH, patients develop syncope as a result of inappropriate, intense vagal discharge reflex in response to Carotid Sinus activation through normal activities such as:

  • head turning
  • Shaving
  • Wearing a tight collar

Predominantly affects older males

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14
Q

How do the Carotid Bodies function?

A

Carotid Bodies are a collection of chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.

They measure O2 content in the blood.

Information is conveyed centrally by CN IX (glossopharyngeal N.) and possible involvement of CN X (Vagus N.)

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15
Q

What is the first branch off the Subclavian A. and does it form any of its own branches?

A

Vertebral Artery

No branches

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16
Q

What is the second branch off the Subclavian A. and does it have any of its own branches?

A

TITS

THYROCERVICAL Trunk

  • INFERIOR Thyroid A.
    • ascending cervical A.
  • TRANSVERSE Cervical A>
  • SUPRASCAPULAR A.
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17
Q

What is the fourth branch off the Subclavian A. and does it have any of its own branches?

A

Costocervical Trunk

  • Deep Cervical A.
  • Supreme Intercostal A.
18
Q

List the Branches of the Subclavian A. in order

A

Vertebral A.

Thyrocervical Trunk

  • Inferior Thyroid A.
    • Ascending Cervical A.
  • Transverse Cervical A.
  • Suprascapular A.

Costocervical Trunk

  • Deep Cervical A.
  • Supreme Intercostal
19
Q

What structures are contained within the Carotid Sheath?

A

Internal Jugular V.
Vagus N.
Common Carotid A.

20
Q

How are the three jugulars positioned in regards to the sternocleidomastoid m.?

A

External Jugular V. travels over the sternocleidomastoid m.

Internal Jugular V. travels underneath the sternocleido mastoid m.

Anterior jugular V. travels along the medial margin of the sternocleidomastoid m.

21
Q

What vessels are typically used for putting in a central line?

A

Subclavian v. Or Internal Jugular V.

22
Q

What is clinically significant about the External Jugular V?

A

External Jugular V. acts as a venous pressure barometer

. Good way to gage whether or not a person has increased venous pressure

23
Q

How does cervical/cranial lymph drain?

A

Superficial lymph nodes drain into Inferior Deep Lymph Nodes

Inferior Deep Lymph Nodes Drain into the Jugular Lymphatic Trunk

Right Jugular Lymphatic Trunk (along with lymph from the right extremity and right thorax) drain into the Right Lymphatic Duct

Left Jugular Lymphatic Trunk, along with lymph from lower extremities, abdomen, left thorax, and left upper extremity) drain into the Thoracic Duct

Right Lymphatic Duct drains into the Right Subclavian V.

Thoracic Duct Drains into the Left Subclavian V.

24
Q

What are the three sets of tonsils called?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils
- Up near the nasal cavity

Palatine Tonsils
- Back of throat, easily visible

Lingual Tonsils
- Behind the root of the tongue

25
Q

What is a tonsilectomy?

A

Surgical removal of tonsils

Typically refers to the Palatine Tonsils

Lingual tonsils may be removed if they block the airway

26
Q

What is a tonsillolith?

A

Tonsil stone - calcifications that form in the crypts of the Palatine Tonsils

Can grow large enough to cause problems, at which point a tonsilectomy may be done as treatment

27
Q

What is the first branch off the Vagus N. and what does it innervate?

A

Pharyngeal N.

It innervates all the pharyngeal muscles (with one exception)

  • Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
  • Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
  • Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
  • Salpingopharyngeus M.
  • Palatopharyngeus M.

The exception is Stylopharyngeus M., which is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal N.

28
Q

What is the second branch off of the Vagus N. and what does it innervate?

A

Superior Laryngeal N.

Branches into a large branch (Internal laryngeal N.) and a tiny branch (External Laryngeal)

29
Q

What are the branches of Superior Laryngeal N. and what do they innervate?

A

Internal Laryngeal N. (large branch) - Goes into the larynx
- Innervates the Laryngeal Mucosa Superior to the vocal folds

External Laryngeal N. (tiny branch)
- Innervates the Cricothyroid M. (the ONLY laryngeal muscle NOT innervated by Recurrent laryngeal N.)

30
Q

What is the path of the Left and Right Recurrent Laryngeal Ns.?

A

Right Recurrent Laryngeal loops around the Right Subclavian A.

Left Recurrent Laryngeal loops around the Arch of the Aorta

31
Q

What is the exceptional pharyngeal muscle that is not innervated by Pharyngeal N.?

A

Stylopharyngeus M.

Innervated by the Glossopharyngeal N.

32
Q

What is the exceptional laryngeal muscle not innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal N.?

A

Cricohyoid M.

Innervated by the External Larngeal N.

33
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal/Inferior Laryngeal N.?

A 
Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.
Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.
Transverse Arytenoid M.
Olique Arytenoid M.
Thyroarytenoid M.
Vocalis M.
34
Q

What does the Spinal Accessory N. innervate, and which cranial nerve is it?

A

CN XI

Innervates the Trapezius M. and the Sternocleidomastoid M.

35
Q

Which anterior rami are involved in the Cervical Plexus of Nerves?

A

C1-C5

36
Q

Which anterior rami contribute to the Phrenic N. and what does it innervate?

A

C3, C4, C5

Innervates the Thoracic Diaphragm

37
Q

Which nerve does the anterior rami of C1 hitch a ride with breifly in the neck?

A

Hypoglossal N. (CNXII)

THEY LOOK LIKE THE SAME NERVE, BUT THEY ARE ABSOLUTELY NOT

38
Q

Which anterior rami are involved in making the Ansa Cervicalis?

A

The Superior Root of Ansa Cervicalis is formed from the anterior ramus of C1 spinal nerve

The Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis is formed from the anterior rami of C2 and C3 spinal nerves

39
Q

What muscles does the Ansa Cervicalis innervate?

A 
Sternohyoid M.
Sternothyroid M.
Omohyoid M.
Geniohyoid M.
Thyrohyoid M.
40
Q

What is erbs point?

A

Point where cutaneous branches of cervical nerves appear from behind the sternocleidomastoid

41
Q

What are three sympathetic ganglia in the neck?

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

Middle Cervical Ganglion

Inferior Cervical Ganglion

42
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Lesion of cervical sympathetic trunk

PAM Horner

Ptosis (droopy eyelid)

Anhydrosis (absence of sweating on face and neck)

Miosis (contraction of pupil)

Lack of sympathetic innervation

Colin Neuro (15 decks)

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