GA - Cervical Angiology and Neurology Flashcards
Where does the Right Common Carotid A. branch from and where does the Left Common Carotid A. branch from?
The Right Common Carotid A. branches off the Brachiocephalic Trunk (which is the first branch off the Aortic Arch)
The Left Common Carotid branches directly off the Aortic Arch (which is the second artery to branch off the aorta)
What is the first branch off of the External Carotid A.?
Superior Thyroid Artery, which supplies blood to the Thyroid Gland
What artery branches off the Superior Thyroid A.?
Superior Laryngeal A., which supplies blood to the Larynx
What is the second branch off the External Carotid A.?
Ascending Laryngeal A.
- Small vessel that branches off on the deep surface of the External Carotid A.
Supplies blood to the Pharynx, Anterior Vertebral Ms., Middle Ear, and Cranial Meninges
What is the Third branch off the External Carotid A.?
Lingual A.
Supplies blood to the tongue
What is the fourth branch off the External Carotid A.?
Facial A.
What are the branches of the facial A. and what structures do they supply?
Ascending Palatine Branch - Soft palate
Tonsilar Branch - Palatine Tonsils
Submental A. - Submandibular Gland
Facial A. continues to the face
What is the fifth branch off the External Carotid A.?
Occipital A. - supplies blood to the posterior scalp
What is the 6th branch of the External Carotid Artery?
Posterior Auricular A.
Supplies blood to the Parotid gland, Facial N., Temporal Bone, Auricle, and Scalp
What are the Terminal Branches of the External Carotid A. and what structures do they supply?
Superficial Temporal A.
Maxillary A.
Both supply various structures in the head
List the arteries branching off the External Carotid A. in order, with any of their branches
1) Superior Thyroid A.
- Superior Laryngeal A.
2) Ascending Pharyngeal A.
3) Lingual A.
4) Facial A.
- Ascending Palatine A.
- Tonsilar Branch
- Submental A.
5) Occipital A.
6) Posterior Auricular A.
7) Terminal Branches
Maxillary A.
Superifical Temporal A.
What is the difference between the Carotid Sinus and the Carotid Body?
Carotid Sinus has barroreceptors and is sensitive to blood pressure
Carotid Body has chemoreceptors and is sensitive to blood composition
What is CSH?
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
Carotid sinus contains barroreceptors which are sensitive to pressure
When pressure increases, carotid sinus causes reflex fo vagal disharge, reducing heart rate and blood pressure
In CSH, patients develop syncope as a result of inappropriate, intense vagal discharge reflex in response to Carotid Sinus activation through normal activities such as:
- head turning
- Shaving
- Wearing a tight collar
Predominantly affects older males
How do the Carotid Bodies function?
Carotid Bodies are a collection of chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery.
They measure O2 content in the blood.
Information is conveyed centrally by CN IX (glossopharyngeal N.) and possible involvement of CN X (Vagus N.)
What is the first branch off the Subclavian A. and does it form any of its own branches?
Vertebral Artery
No branches
What is the second branch off the Subclavian A. and does it have any of its own branches?
TITS
THYROCERVICAL Trunk
- INFERIOR Thyroid A.
- ascending cervical A.
- TRANSVERSE Cervical A>
- SUPRASCAPULAR A.
What is the fourth branch off the Subclavian A. and does it have any of its own branches?
Costocervical Trunk
- Deep Cervical A.
- Supreme Intercostal A.
List the Branches of the Subclavian A. in order
Vertebral A.
Thyrocervical Trunk
- Inferior Thyroid A.
- Ascending Cervical A.
- Transverse Cervical A.
- Suprascapular A.
Costocervical Trunk
- Deep Cervical A.
- Supreme Intercostal
What structures are contained within the Carotid Sheath?
Internal Jugular V.
Vagus N.
Common Carotid A.
How are the three jugulars positioned in regards to the sternocleidomastoid m.?
External Jugular V. travels over the sternocleidomastoid m.
Internal Jugular V. travels underneath the sternocleido mastoid m.
Anterior jugular V. travels along the medial margin of the sternocleidomastoid m.
What vessels are typically used for putting in a central line?
Subclavian v. Or Internal Jugular V.
What is clinically significant about the External Jugular V?
External Jugular V. acts as a venous pressure barometer
. Good way to gage whether or not a person has increased venous pressure
How does cervical/cranial lymph drain?
Superficial lymph nodes drain into Inferior Deep Lymph Nodes
Inferior Deep Lymph Nodes Drain into the Jugular Lymphatic Trunk
Right Jugular Lymphatic Trunk (along with lymph from the right extremity and right thorax) drain into the Right Lymphatic Duct
Left Jugular Lymphatic Trunk, along with lymph from lower extremities, abdomen, left thorax, and left upper extremity) drain into the Thoracic Duct
Right Lymphatic Duct drains into the Right Subclavian V.
Thoracic Duct Drains into the Left Subclavian V.
What are the three sets of tonsils called?
Pharyngeal tonsils
- Up near the nasal cavity
Palatine Tonsils
- Back of throat, easily visible
Lingual Tonsils
- Behind the root of the tongue
