GA - Clinical Correlations with Neck Osteology and Chondrology

Question 1

What is the typical cause of a hyoid fracture, and what symptomatic consequences can it have on a patient?

Answer 1

Hyoid bone typical breaks as a result of strangulation

It can cause a rupture of the walls of the esophagus and trachea, causing food to end up in the lungs and air into the stomach

Question 2

What can cause a laryngeal cartilage fracture and what are some symptomatic consequences?

Answer 2

Laryngeal Cartilage can break as a results of a sports injury where blunt force hits the neck

Can cause:
- Inflammation, edema
- Temporary inability to speak
- Horseness
-

Question 3

How do the vocal cords appear when performing normal respiration?

Answer 3

Vocal cords are slightly apart

Question 4

How do the vocal cords appear during forced expiration?

Answer 4

Far apart, to allow more air through

Question 5

How do the vocal cords appear during during phonation (speaking) / during expiration

Answer 5

Vocal cords are closed, allowing vibrations to change pitch of voice

Question 6

How do the vocal cords appear during whispering?

Answer 6

Vocal cords are closed, but arytenoid cartilage are far apart, forming a small window for air to move through

Question 7

If an infection were to occur in the space between the Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia and the Muscular Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia, how far could the infection travel?

Answer 7

From the anterior neck to the Manubrium of the Sternum

Question 8

If an infection were to occur in the space between the Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia and the Visceral Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical fascia, how far could the infection travel?

Answer 8

From the Anterior neck to the Anterior Thorax

Question 9

What is the space between the Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia and the Prevertebral Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia?

Answer 9

Retropharyngeal Space

Question 10

If an infection were to occur in the Retropharyngeal Space, what symptoms could result and how far could the infection spread?

Answer 10

Retropharyngeal Space infection could result in swelling, causing difficulty swallowing and speaking

The infection could travel from the neck down to the deep thorax