GA - Cranial Nerves and Autonomics

Question 1

What is a nucleus?

Answer 1

Nucleus is a collection neuron cell bodies in the CENTRAL nervous system (identical to ganglion, but ganglion are cell body collections in peripheral nervous system)

Question 2

What is the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?

Answer 2

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Mesencephalon

The nerves from Endinger-Westphal nucleus form CN III (Occulomotor N.)

Question 3

What is the Superior Salivatory Nucleus?

Answer 3

Collection neuron cell bodies in the Pons

The nerves from the Superior Salivatory Nucleus form CN VII (Facial N.)

Question 4

What is the Inferior Salivatory Nucleus?

Answer 4

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Pons

The nerves from the Inferior Salivatory nucleus form CN IX (Glossopharyngeal N.)

Question 5

What is the Dorsal Vagal Nucleus?

Answer 5

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Medulla

The nerves from the Dorsal Vagal Nucleus form CN X (Vagus N.)

Question 6

What nucleus gives rise to CN III?

Answer 6

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Question 7

What Nucleus gives rise to CN VII?

Answer 7

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

Question 8

What nucleus gives rise to CN IX?

Answer 8

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

Question 9

What nucleus gives rise to CN X?

Answer 9

Dorsal Vagal Nucleus

Question 10

What nerves travel through the Cribiform Plate?

Answer 10

CN I -Olfactory N.

Question 11

What nerves travel through the optic canal?

Answer 11

CN II - Optic N.

Question 12

What nerves travel through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

Answer 12

CN III - Oculomotor N.
CN IV - Trochlear N.
CN V1 - Opthalmic Branch of Trigeminal N.
CN VI - Abucent N.

Question 13

What nerves travel through the Foramen Rotundum?

Answer 13

CN V2 - Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal N.

Question 14

What nerves travel through the Foramen Ovale?

Answer 14

CN V3 - Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal N.

Question 15

What nerves travel through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

Answer 15

CN VII - Facial N.

CN VIII - Vestibulocohlear N.

Question 16

What nerves travel through the Jugular Foramen?

Answer 16

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal N.
CN X - Vagus N.
CN XI - Spinal Accessory N.

Question 17

What nerves travel through the Hypoglossal Canal?

Answer 17

CN XII - Hypoglossal N.

Question 18

Where do the sympathetic nerves come from?

Answer 18

All sympathetic fibers are POSTganglionic

They arise from the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

Question 19

What is the only Sympathetic N. to worry about?

Answer 19

Deep Petrosal N.

Question 20

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves come from?

Answer 20

Preganglionic Parasympathetic nerves arise from nuclei in the brain stem:

• Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
• Superior Salivatory Nucleus
• Inferior Salivatory Nucleus
• Dorsal Vagal Nucleus

Question 21

Where do the parasympathetic nerves form synapses?

Answer 21

They synapse at 4 ganglia in the head:

• Cilliary Ganglion
• Pterygopalatine Ganglion
• Otic Ganglion
• Submandibular Ganglion

Question 22

Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 22

CN III - Oculomotor N.
CN VII - Facial N.
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal N.
CN X - Vagus N.

Question 23

What structures do the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves follow to reach their various targets?

Answer 23

Postganglionic Parasympathetic nerves “piggyback” on a branch of the Trigeminal N. (CN V) to arrive at the structure that they innervate

NOTE: Trigeminal does not carry any parasympathetic fibers in it

Question 24

Where do postganglionic nerve fibers go after leaving the Superior Cervical Ganglion?

Answer 24

• Internal Carotid Artery Plexus
• Facial Artery Plexus
• External Carotid Artery Plexus

Question 25

What structures do nerves from the External Carotid Artery Plexus innervate?

Answer 25

Parotid Gland Provides vasomotor innervation

Question 26

What structures do nerves from the Internal Carotid Plexus innervate?

Answer 26

Eye | Deep Petrosal N.

Question 27

What structures do nerves from the Facial Artery plexus innervate?

Answer 27

Sublingual Salivary Gland | Submandibular Salivary Gland

Question 28

What is Horner's Syndrome?

Answer 28

Absence of sympathetic stimulated functions on ipsilateral side of head NOTE: Have you met PAM Horner? She is very sympathetic! - Ptosis - droopy eyelid - Anhidrosis - cannot produce sweat on affected side of head - Miosis - Pupil cannot dilate

Question 29

Which nerves from CN V1 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 29

The following are nerves derived from the Opthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V1): Lacrimal N. - Piggybacks post ganglionic parasympathetics to the Lacrimal Gland Short Ciliary Ns. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Ciliary Ms. and Constrictor Pupilae M. in the eye

Question 30

Which nerves from CN V2 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 30

The following are nerves derived from the Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V2): Zygomatic N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Lacrimal Gland Greater and Lesser Palatine N. - Piggybacks parasympathetics to the mucosa of the Soft and Hard Palate Posterior Superior Nasal N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Posterior, superior portion of the nasal cavity

Question 31

Which nerves from CN V3 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 31

The following are nerves derived from the Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V3): Lingual N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands Auriculotemporal N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Parotid salivary glands

Question 32

Where do Trigeminal branches, sympathetics, and parasympathetics converge?

Answer 32

Ciliary Ganglion Pterygopalatine Ganglion Otic Ganglion Submandibular Ganglion NOTE: Only the parasympathetics (CN III, CN VII, CN IX, and CN X) form synapses in these ganglia. Sympathetics and Trigeminal Branches (CN V1, CN V2, and CN V3) just pass through

Question 33

In which ganglia does CN III form synpases?

Answer 33

CN III forms synapses in the Ciliary Ganglion only

Question 34

In which ganglia does CN VII form synapses?

Answer 34

CN VII forms synapses in the Pterygopalatine Ganglion AND the Submandibular Ganglion

Question 35

In which ganglia does CN IX form synapses?

Answer 35

CN IX forms synpases in the Otic ganglion only

Question 36

Does CN X form synapses and cranial ganglia?

Answer 36

NO Vagus nerve forms synapses at other ganglia not in the head

Question 37

What is the path of CN III?

Answer 37

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus Ciliary Ganglion Innervates Constrictor Pupilae and Ciliary Ms. in the eye

Question 38

What is the path of CN VII?

Answer 38

Superior Salivatory Nucleus A) - Submandibular Ganglion - Sublingual and Submandibular salivary glands B) - Pterygopalatine Ganglion - Lacrimal Gland

Question 39

What is the Path of CN IX?

Answer 39

Inferior Salivatroy Nucleus Otic Ganglion Parotid Gland