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Colin Neuro > GA - Cranial Nerves and Autonomics > Flashcards

GA - Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Nucleus is a collection neuron cell bodies in the CENTRAL nervous system (identical to ganglion, but ganglion are cell body collections in peripheral nervous system)

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2
Q

What is the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Mesencephalon

The nerves from Endinger-Westphal nucleus form CN III (Occulomotor N.)

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3
Q

What is the Superior Salivatory Nucleus?

A

Collection neuron cell bodies in the Pons

The nerves from the Superior Salivatory Nucleus form CN VII (Facial N.)

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4
Q

What is the Inferior Salivatory Nucleus?

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Pons

The nerves from the Inferior Salivatory nucleus form CN IX (Glossopharyngeal N.)

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5
Q

What is the Dorsal Vagal Nucleus?

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the Medulla

The nerves from the Dorsal Vagal Nucleus form CN X (Vagus N.)

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6
Q

What nucleus gives rise to CN III?

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

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7
Q

What Nucleus gives rise to CN VII?

A

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

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8
Q

What nucleus gives rise to CN IX?

A

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

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9
Q

What nucleus gives rise to CN X?

A

Dorsal Vagal Nucleus

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10
Q

What nerves travel through the Cribiform Plate?

A

CN I -Olfactory N.

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11
Q

What nerves travel through the optic canal?

A

CN II - Optic N.

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12
Q

What nerves travel through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN III - Oculomotor N.
CN IV - Trochlear N.
CN V1 - Opthalmic Branch of Trigeminal N.
CN VI - Abucent N.

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13
Q

What nerves travel through the Foramen Rotundum?

A

CN V2 - Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal N.

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14
Q

What nerves travel through the Foramen Ovale?

A

CN V3 - Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal N.

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15
Q

What nerves travel through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A

CN VII - Facial N.

CN VIII - Vestibulocohlear N.

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16
Q

What nerves travel through the Jugular Foramen?

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal N.
CN X - Vagus N.
CN XI - Spinal Accessory N.

17
Q

What nerves travel through the Hypoglossal Canal?

A

CN XII - Hypoglossal N.

18
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves come from?

A

All sympathetic fibers are POSTganglionic

They arise from the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

19
Q

What is the only Sympathetic N. to worry about?

A

Deep Petrosal N.

20
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves come from?

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic nerves arise from nuclei in the brain stem:

  • Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
  • Superior Salivatory Nucleus
  • Inferior Salivatory Nucleus
  • Dorsal Vagal Nucleus
21
Q

Where do the parasympathetic nerves form synapses?

A

They synapse at 4 ganglia in the head:

  • Cilliary Ganglion
  • Pterygopalatine Ganglion
  • Otic Ganglion
  • Submandibular Ganglion
22
Q

Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic nerves?

A

CN III - Oculomotor N.
CN VII - Facial N.
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal N.
CN X - Vagus N.

23
Q

What structures do the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves follow to reach their various targets?

A

Postganglionic Parasympathetic nerves “piggyback” on a branch of the Trigeminal N. (CN V) to arrive at the structure that they innervate

NOTE: Trigeminal does not carry any parasympathetic fibers in it

24
Q

Where do postganglionic nerve fibers go after leaving the Superior Cervical Ganglion?

A
  • Internal Carotid Artery Plexus
  • Facial Artery Plexus
  • External Carotid Artery Plexus
25
Q

What structures do nerves from the External Carotid Artery Plexus innervate?

A

Parotid Gland

Provides vasomotor innervation

26
Q

What structures do nerves from the Internal Carotid Plexus innervate?

A

Eye

Deep Petrosal N.

27
Q

What structures do nerves from the Facial Artery plexus innervate?

A

Sublingual Salivary Gland

Submandibular Salivary Gland

28
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Absence of sympathetic stimulated functions on ipsilateral side of head

NOTE: Have you met PAM Horner? She is very sympathetic!

  • Ptosis - droopy eyelid
  • Anhidrosis - cannot produce sweat on affected side of head
  • Miosis - Pupil cannot dilate
29
Q

Which nerves from CN V1 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

A

The following are nerves derived from the Opthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V1):

Lacrimal N. - Piggybacks post ganglionic parasympathetics to the Lacrimal Gland

Short Ciliary Ns. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Ciliary Ms. and Constrictor Pupilae M. in the eye

30
Q

Which nerves from CN V2 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

A

The following are nerves derived from the Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V2):

Zygomatic N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Lacrimal Gland

Greater and Lesser Palatine N. - Piggybacks parasympathetics to the mucosa of the Soft and Hard Palate

Posterior Superior Nasal N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Posterior, superior portion of the nasal cavity

31
Q

Which nerves from CN V3 piggyback parasympathetic nerves?

A

The following are nerves derived from the Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal N.(CN V3):

Lingual N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Auriculotemporal N. - Piggybacks postganglionic parasympathetics to the Parotid salivary glands

32
Q

Where do Trigeminal branches, sympathetics, and parasympathetics converge?

A

Ciliary Ganglion
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Otic Ganglion
Submandibular Ganglion

NOTE: Only the parasympathetics (CN III, CN VII, CN IX, and CN X) form synapses in these ganglia. Sympathetics and Trigeminal Branches (CN V1, CN V2, and CN V3) just pass through

33
Q

In which ganglia does CN III form synpases?

A

CN III forms synapses in the Ciliary Ganglion only

34
Q

In which ganglia does CN VII form synapses?

A

CN VII forms synapses in the Pterygopalatine Ganglion AND the Submandibular Ganglion

35
Q

In which ganglia does CN IX form synapses?

A

CN IX forms synpases in the Otic ganglion only

36
Q

Does CN X form synapses and cranial ganglia?

A

NO

Vagus nerve forms synapses at other ganglia not in the head

37
Q

What is the path of CN III?

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Ciliary Ganglion

Innervates Constrictor Pupilae and Ciliary Ms. in the eye

38
Q

What is the path of CN VII?

A

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

A)

  • Submandibular Ganglion
  • Sublingual and Submandibular salivary glands

B)

  • Pterygopalatine Ganglion
  • Lacrimal Gland
39
Q

What is the Path of CN IX?

A

Inferior Salivatroy Nucleus

Otic Ganglion

Parotid Gland

Colin Neuro (15 decks)

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