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GI 2 > GA 5 > Flashcards

GA 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Celiac Trunk

A

T12/Upper L1

-supplies foregut + spleen

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2
Q

SMA

A

Lower L1

-supplies midgut

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3
Q

IMA

A

L3

-supplies hindgut

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4
Q

Aortic Hiatus

A

T12

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5
Q

Aorta splits to R/L Common Iliacs

A

L4

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6
Q

Unpaired Visceral Arteries

A

Celiac - T12
IMA - L3
SMA - L1

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7
Q

Paired Visceral Arteries

A

Suprarenal - L1
Renal - L1/2
Gonadal (testicular/ovarian) - L2

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8
Q

Paired Parietal Arteries

A

Inferior phrenic - T12
Subcostal - T12
Lumbar - L1-4

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9
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut? midgut? hindgut?

A
  1. Vagus
  2. Vagus
  3. Pelvic Splanchnic
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10
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the foregut? midgut? hindgut?

A
  1. Thoracic splanchnic T5-9
  2. Thoracic splanchnic T8-12
  3. Lumbar splanchnic L1-2
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11
Q

How does the right hepatic artery typically relate to the portal vein? what is a common variation?

A

91% - anterior

9% - posterior

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12
Q

An accessory or replaced right hepatic artery may originate from where? left hepatic artery?

A

a. SMA

b. left gastric artery

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13
Q

What supplies the liver with blood?

A

75% - hepatic portal vein (supplies parenchyma)

25% - hepatic artery (supplies non-parenchyma)

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14
Q

What supplies the gall bladder?

A

cystic artery

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15
Q

What are four variations of the cystic artery?

A
  1. 2% - cystic off of left hepatic artery
  2. 1% - cystic off of right hepatic artery + anterior to common hepatic duct
  3. 1% - cystic off of proper hepatic + anterior to common hepatic duct
  4. 6% -cystic off of gastroduodenal artery
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16
Q

What does the ileo colic artery supply? appendix?

A
  • ileocecal junction

- appendicular artery (comes from IC artery)

17
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

transverse colon

18
Q

What does the right coli artery supply?

A

ascending colon

19
Q

What does the left colic artery supply?

A

descending colon

20
Q

What are some common variations of the SMA?

A
  • common trunk for right and middle colic arteries
  • common trunk for right and ileocolic arteries
  • absent middle colic replaced by a large branch from left colic
  • absent right colic artery
21
Q

Nutcracker Syndrome

A
  • left renal vein (possible the 3rd part of the D) can become entrapped between the SMA and aorta an
  • hematuria, proteinuria, nausea, bilious vomit, left flank pain, left scrotal pain, varicocele
22
Q

What arteries contribute to the marginal artery?

A

middle, right, left, and ileo colic arteries

23
Q

What three arteries supply the rectum? where do they come from?

A

superior rectal artery - IMA
middle rectal artery - internal iliacs
inferior recta artery - internal pudendal

24
Q

Hemorrhoid Pain: Internal vs. External

A

Internal are NOT painful because they are under autonomic control, while external are painful because they are under somatic control

25
Q

What causes internal hemorrhoids? external?

A
  1. prolapse of the rectal mucosa that contains the normally dilated veins of the internal venous plexus
  2. thromboses or blood clots in veins of the external venous plexus
26
Q

When does the IVC enter the abdomen?

A

at T8 through the canal opening

27
Q

What are the four portal canal anastomoses? what comprises them?

A

esophageal - left gastric/azygous
rectal - superior rectal/middle or inf recta
paraumbilical - paraumbilical/epigastric
retroperitoneal - colic veins/systemic retroperitoneal veins

28
Q

Esophageal varices

A

due to portal hypertension

-if they rupture, it can be life threatening

29
Q

What causes portal hypertension?

A

scarring and fibrosis from cirrhosis obstruct the hepatic portal vein in the liver, and pressure rises in the vein

30
Q

Caput Medusae

A

due to portal obstruction, veins of the anterior abdominal wall that anastomose with the paraumbilical veins become varicose

GI 2 (10 decks)

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