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GI 2 > Clinical Definitions > Flashcards

Clinical Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Guarding

A

protective response in muscle

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2
Q

Cushing ulcer

A

peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions of the CNS

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3
Q

Alcoholic

A

absence of secretion of bile

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4
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach with distinctive histologic and endoscopic features

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5
Q

Coffee-ground emesis

A

denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic environment

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6
Q

Virchow’s Node

A

palpable mass, LN, in the left supraclavicular/sternovlaciular fossa

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7
Q

Nausea

A

subjective sensation of impending urges to vomit

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8
Q

Vomiting/emesis

A

queasiness –> retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents form the mouth

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9
Q

Acute abdomen

A

serious acute intraabdominal condition attended by pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity for which emergency surgery is considered

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10
Q

GGT

A

gamma-glutamyl transferase (used to determine the cause of elevated ALP)

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11
Q

Gastropathy

A

gastric donations where there is epithelial or endothelial damage without inflammation

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12
Q

Grey Turner Sign

A

flank ecchymosis secondary to hemorrhage

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13
Q

Courvoisier’s Sign

A

enlarged non-tender GB secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

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14
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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15
Q

KUB X Ray

A

kidney, ureter, bladder x ray

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16
Q

Globus pharyngeus

A

foreign body sensation localized in the neck that doesn’t interfere with swallowing

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17
Q

EUR

A

Endoscopic ultrasound

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18
Q

Borborygmi

A

rumbling sound as gas travels through SI

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19
Q

Obstipation

A

severe intractable constipation caused by obstruction

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20
Q

Mittelsschmerz

A

lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle

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21
Q

Cholestasis

A

stoppage or suppression of bile flow, due to factors within or outside the liver

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22
Q

Heel Strike

A

patient supine, doc strikes patient’s heel, pain upon striking can indicate appendicitis

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23
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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24
Q

Anorexia

A

lack of appetite

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25
Q

MRCP

A

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

26
Q

LGIB

A

lower GI bleeding

27
Q

Melena

A

dark colored stool consistent with broken down hemosiderin in bowel

28
Q

Obturator muscle test

A

flex pt’s right thigh at hip, with knee bent, and rotate the leg internally at the hip; right hypogastric pain is + and suggests irritation of obturate muscle due to inflamed appendix

29
Q

Esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

30
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

abnormal presence of air or gas in peritoneal cavity

31
Q

Rigidity

A

abdomen is hard

32
Q

Steatorrhea

A

fatty, greasy stools

33
Q

Curling ulcer

A

peptic ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns

34
Q

Icterus

A

jaundice

35
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

point of appendix

36
Q

Edentulous

A

no teeth

37
Q

Pyrosis

A

substernal burning sensation (heart burn)

38
Q

Regurgitation

A

effortless reflex of liquid or gastric or esophageal food contents in the absence of N/V

39
Q

UGIB

A

upper GI bleed

40
Q

Pneumomediastinum

A

abnormal presence of air or gas in mediastinum

41
Q

Rebound Tenderness

A

pain upon removal of pressure, rather than pressure removal (tests for peritoneal inflammation/acute abdomen)

42
Q

Psoas sign

A

associated with a retrocecal appendix; RLQ pain with passive right hip extension

43
Q

Pneumobilia

A

abnormal presence of gas in biliary system/bile ducts

44
Q

Cullen Sign

A

ecchymosis around the umbilicus secondary to hemorrhage

45
Q

Colic

A

acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

46
Q

Flatus

A

gas or air in the GI tract expelled through the anus

47
Q

Ulcer

A

local defect in the organ’s surface

48
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, and organization of cells

49
Q

Ureterolithiasis

A

stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder

50
Q

Cachexia

A

profound and marked state fo constitutional disorder

51
Q

Dyspepsia

A

postprandial epigastric discomfort

52
Q

Illiopsoas Muscle test

A

have pt flex hip against resistance –> pain suggests appendix problem

53
Q

Hematochezia

A

passage of bright red blood or maroon stools

54
Q

Hematemesis

A

vomitting blood

55
Q

Tenesmus

A

ineffectual and painful straining at stool

56
Q

Odynophagia

A

painful swallowing

57
Q

Retching

A

peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted by a closed glottis

58
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

pain the RLQ during left sided pressure

59
Q

Eructation

A

explosion of swallowed air (burping)

60
Q

Lloyd Punch

A

CVA tenderness test

61
Q

Murphy Sign

A

GB problem

GI 2 (10 decks)

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