G7: Brain System

Question 1

• Prado et al. (2011) found the brain system for deductive reasoning is centred in the left hemisphere involving frontal and parietal areas. These systems work together to support different aspects of reasoning, such as logical thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving.

Answer 1

Brain Systems In Reasoning

Question 2

• It is a form of reasoning based on one’s knowledge and experience. People make extensive use of informal reasoning processes such as heuristics in formal deductive reasoning tasks

Answer 2

Informal Reasoning

Question 3

(seeking to support a claim with an irrelevant reason).
• occurs when someone attempts to support or prove a claim by providing evidence or reasoning that is unrelated or irrelevant to the claim itself. In other words, it involves presenting information or arguments that do not address the central point or question at hand.

Answer 3

Irrelevance

Question 4

• when someone claims that a position or decision will lead to a series of unintended negative consequences.
These negative consequences are often bad and/or increasingly outlandish. The person using the slippery slope fallacy takes these consequences as a certainty and does not analyze the logic of their own position.

Answer 4

Slippery slope.

Question 5

The ____ is the tendency to evaluate statements with respect to one’s own beliefs rather than solely on their merits

Answer 5

myside bias

Question 6

• processing of speech and language in Broca’s area.

Answer 6

Inferior frontal gyrus

Question 7

• plays a key role in the development of literacy.

Answer 7

Middle frontal gyrus

Question 8

high-level executive functions and decision-related processes.

Answer 8

Medial frontal gyrus

Question 9

responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement.

Answer 9

Precentral gyrus

Question 10

• processing how you evaluate goals and risks. It also processes signals that affect your emotions and your motivation.

Answer 10

Basal ganglia

Question 11

is a form of logical reasoning that involves the use of categorical statements or propositions.
Categorical statements relate different categories or classes of objects or individuals and describe their relationships.

Answer 11

Categorical reasoning

Question 12

refers to the ability to understand and analyze the structure and relationships within a problem. It involves recognizing the underlying logic and reasoning behind the problem and being able to manipulate and transform the problem in a logical manner.

Answer 12

Sensitivity to the logical form of problems

Question 13

refers to the ability to assess whether a conclusion logically follows from the given premises or information. It involves understanding the principles of logic and reasoning and being able to evaluate the soundness and coherence of an argument.

Answer 13

Sensitivity to the validity of conclusions

Question 14

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action.

Answer 14

Use of heuristic strategies