G2: LANGUAGE PRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

the process through which individuals generate and express language, whether orally or in writing. It encompasses planning what to say or write, translating thoughts into linguistic forms, and executing those forms. In cognitive psychology, studying language production provides insights into how the mind organizes and produces language, shedding light on cognitive processes like memory, attention, and problem-solving.

A

Language production

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2
Q

The cognitive processes involved in planning and organizing speech, including selecting words, forming grammatically correct sentences, and arranging speech sounds

A

Speech Planning

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3
Q

Common types of speech errors, such as slips of the tongue, phonological errors, and semantic errors, and their implications for understanding the mechanisms of language production.

A

Speech Errors

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4
Q

Major theoretical frameworks proposed to explain how language is produced, including Levelt’s model, the WEAVER++ model, and the Interactive Activation mode

A

Theories of Speech Production

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5
Q

The communicative functions of speech, including requesting, expressing emotions, giving instructions, sharing information, and socializing.

A

Speech as Communication

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6
Q

The cognitive processes involved in producing written language, including generating ideas, organizing thoughts, structuring sentences, and revising drafts.

A

Writing The Main Processes

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7
Q

The process of encoding spoken language into written symbols, including the rules and conventions of spelling, common spelling errors, and strategies for improving spelling proficiency.

A

Spelling

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8
Q

3 types of speech planning

A

Lexical Access, Syntactic Planning, Phonological Encoding

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9
Q

The process of retrieving words from memory. This involves accessing the mental lexicon, which contains the store of known words in a person’s mind.

A

Lexical Access

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10
Q

Organizing the retrieved words into grammatically correct sentences or phrases. This involves determining the appropriate word order, sentence structure, and grammatical rules.

A

Syntactic Planning

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11
Q

Converting the planned words and sentences into the appropriate phonological forms, which are the sounds of speech. This includes selecting the correct sounds for each word and arranging them in the proper sequence for fluent speech production.

A

Phonological Encoding

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12
Q

are unintended mistakes in speech production.

A

Speech errors

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13
Q

These occur when the speaker
inadvertently substitutes, deletes,
or rearranges sounds, words, or
phrases. For example, saying
“butterfly” instead of “bottle fly.”

A

Slips of the tongue

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14
Q

These occur when a word is substituted
with a similar-sounding word, often
resulting in a nonsensical or humorous
statement. For instance, saying
“pineapple of perfection” instead of
“pinnacle of perfection.”

A

Malapropisms

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15
Q

Speech errors can result from various causes, including:

A

Phonological errors, Syntactic errors, Semantic errors

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16
Q

Mistakes related to the sounds of speech, such as substituting one sound for another or transposing sounds within words.

A

Phonological errors

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17
Q

Errors related to the structure of sentences, such as word order or grammatical inflections.

A

Syntactic errors

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18
Q

Errors involving the meaning of words or phrases, such as using a similar-sounding word with a different meaning.

A

Semantic errors

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19
Q

Theories of Speech Production

A

Levelt’s Mode, The WEAVER++ Model, Interactive Activation Model

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20
Q

Emphasizes three main stages of speech production - conceptualization, formulation, and articulation.

A

Levelt’s Model

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21
Q

In this stage, the speaker generates the basic idea or message they want to convey. This involves activating relevant concepts and forming a coherent message.

A

Conceptualization

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22
Q

Once the message is conceptualized, it is translated into a linguistic form. This stage involves selecting appropriate words and grammatical structures to express the intended message.

A

Formulation

23
Q

The final stage involves the physical production of speech. The formulated message is translated into motor commands to articulate speech sounds and produce spoken words.

A

Articulation

24
Q

Suggests that speech production involves multiple levels of processing, including lexical, morphological, and phonological stages.

A

The WEAVER++ Model

25
involves accessing the mental lexicon to retrieve words and their associated meanings.
Lexical processing
26
involves analyzing word structure, including prefixes, suffixes, and roots.
Morphological processing
27
involves converting abstract linguistic representations into speech sounds.
Phonological processing
28
proposes that when producing speech, different words compete for activation in the mind. This model suggests that lexical representations (words) are interconnected, and activation spreads through these connections.
Interactive Activation Model
29
Language production is closely linked to communication as it involves the generation and expression of thoughts, ideas, and information through spoken or written language
SPEECH AS COMMUNICATION
30
Language production enables individuals to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and intentions into meaningful messages that can be understood by others.
Expressing Ideas
31
Through language production, individuals can convey information, share knowledge, opinions, or experiences with others.
Sharing Information
32
Facilitates interpersonal interaction by allowing individuals to engage in conversations and discussions with others, fostering connections and relationships
Interpersonal Interaction
33
Contributes to successful communication by enabling clear expression, which aids in understanding and interpretation of messages by listeners or readers.
Understanding and Interpretation
34
Communication involves a reciprocal process where language production is followed by reception and interpretation of the message by the recipient.
Feedback and Adjustment
35
plays a crucial role in speech production because it focuses on how language is used in social contexts to convey meaning beyond the literal interpretation of words. In speech production, understanding _____ helps individuals choose appropriate words and structures to effectively communicate intentions, emotions, and social nuances.
Pragmatics
36
Examples of how speech serves communicative functions:
Informative speech, Expressing Emotions
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Sharing knowledge or information.
Informative speech
38
Sharing feelings or emotions with others, like saying "I'm so happy!" or "I'm feeling sad today."
Expressing Emotions
39
In the context of language production, writing refers to the process of converting thoughts, ideas, and messages into a written form. It involves a series of cognitive processes that enable individuals to express themselves through text.
WRITING: THE MAIN PROCESSES
40
The initial stage where writers think about their topic, purpose, and audience. They may brainstorm ideas, create outlines, or gather research before beginning to write.
Planning
41
Writers start putting their ideas into written form. They focus on getting their thoughts down on paper without worrying too much about grammar or structure.
Drafting
42
After completing a draft, writers review and make changes to improve clarity and overall effectiveness. This may involve reorganizing ideas, adding or deleting content, or refining language.
Revising
43
Speech is produced orally using sounds and gestures, while writing is produced using written symbols and marks.
Medium
44
Speech production is generally faster than writing production because it involves immediate vocalization, whereas writing requires time to write or type words.
Speed
45
In speech production, immediate ______ is received through auditory cues and facial expressions, while in writing, ______ may be delayed until the written text is reviewed by the writer or others.
feedback
46
Writing allows for easier _______ compared to speech, where corrections are typically made on the fly or through subsequent clarifications
Editing
47
Speech is often directed towards a specific ________ and can involve nonverbal cues for emphasis, while writing may be intended for a broader audience and relies solely on written language for communication.
Audience
48
is crucial in written language production because it ensures clarity, comprehension, and effective communication.
spelling
49
An examination of the cognitive demands of the act of spelling indicates that the speller needs to coordinate several sources of word knowledge:
phonological, orthographic, syntactic, and semantic
50
spelling process involves the mental and language-related steps needed to write or show words accurately in writing. These processes work together to enable individuals to accurately spell words during writing tasks.
Phoneme-grapheme correspondence, Orthographic knowledge, Morphological awareness, Visual memory, Contextual cues, Motor skills
51
Understanding the relationship between the sounds of spoken language (phonemes) and the letters or letter combinations used to represent those sounds (graphemes). For example, knowing that the sound /k/ can be represented by the letter 'c' in words like "cat" or the letters 'ck' in words like "back".
Phoneme-grapheme correspondence
52
Familiarity with the conventional spelling patterns, rules, and exceptions in a language. This involves recognizing common spelling patterns and understanding irregularities in spelling.
Orthographic knowledge
53
Recognizing and understanding the morphemes (the smallest units of meaning) within words, such as prefixes, suffixes, and root words. This understanding helps in spelling words correctly by applying knowledge of word structure.
Morphological awareness
54
Remembering the visual appearance of words, including their letter sequences and any irregularities. Visual memory aids in recalling the correct spelling of words from memory
Visual memory