G2 Anterior Cervical Triangle, Cervical Viscera, Root Of Neck

Question 1

Posterior Cervical Triangle boundaries:

Answer 1

1. Anterior- SCM
2. Posterior- Trapezius m.
3. Inferior- middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 2

Anterior Cervical Triangle boundaries:

Answer 2

1. Lateral- Anterior border of SCM m.
2. Superior- Inferior border of mandible
3. Medial- midline of neck

Question 3

Platysma m. Innervation:

Answer 3

CN VII (Cervical branch of facial n.)

Question 4

Anterior cervical triangle can be subdivided into 4 smaller triangles:

Answer 4

1. Submental triangle
2. Submandibular triangle
3. Muscular triangle
4. Carotid triangle

Question 5

Two muscle groups of anterior cervical triangle:

Answer 5

1. Suprahyoid mm.

2. Infrahyoid mm.

Question 6

Suprahyoid muscles (elevate hyoid bone):

Answer 6

1. Stylohyoid m.
2. Digastric m.
3. Mylohyoid m.
4. Geniohyoid m.

Question 7

Stylohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 7

Pulls hyoid bone upward in posterosuperior direction

Facial n. (CN VII)

Question 8

Digastric m.
A:
N:

Answer 8

Mandible fixed- raises hyoid
Hyoid fixed- lowers mandible

Ant. Belly- CN V3 (mandibular branch)
Post. Belly- CN VII

Question 9

Mylohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 9

Supports/elevates floor of mouth; elevates hyoid

CN V3 (mand branch)

Question 10

Geniohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 10

Mandible fixed- elevates and pulls hyoid forward
Hyoid fixed- pulls mandible downward and inward

Branch from anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

Question 11

Infrahyoid mm. (“Strap muscles”):

Answer 11

1. Omohyoid m.
2. Sternohyoid m.
3. Thyrohyoid m.
4. Sternothyroid m.

Question 12

Sternohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 12

Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

Question 13

Omohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 13

Depresses and fixes hyoid bone

Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

Question 14

Thyrohyoid m.
A:
N:

Answer 14

Depresses hyoid.
Hyoid fixed- raises layrnx

Fibers from anterior ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CN XII) (nerve to thyrohyoid m.)

Question 15

Sternothyroid m.
A:
N:

Answer 15

Draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

Question 16

This vein drains the anterior neck; located in the midline. Empties into subclavian v or external jugular v.

Answer 16

Anterior Jugular v.

Question 17

Vein that connects common facial v with the anterior Jugular v.

Answer 17

Communicating Branch

Question 18

This vein is formed by superficial temporal v and maxillary v. Divides into anterior and posterior divisions.

Answer 18

Retromandibular v.

Question 19

The anterior division of Retromandibular vein and facial vein join to form:

Answer 19

Common facial vein

Question 20

The posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein join to form:

Answer 20

External jugular v.

Question 21

This vein originates at angle of eye. Receives tributaries from veins draining face. Drains into internal jugular v.

Answer 21

Facial v.

Question 22

Drains blood from skull, brain, superficial face, cervical viscera. Traverses neck within carotid sheath.

Answer 22

Internal jugular v.

Question 23

The internal jugular v joins with subclavian v to form _____

Answer 23

Brachiocephalic v.

Question 24

The Right Common Carotid a. Comes from the _____

The Left Common Carotid a. Comes from the _____

Answer 24

Brachiocephalic trunk

Arch of aorta

Question 25

The _____ carotid a. Gives off no branches in neck while the ____ carotid a. Gives off branches immediately after bifurcation from common carotid a.

Answer 25

Internal External

Question 26

1st anterior branch of external carotid a. Gives off superior laryngeal a.

Answer 26

Superior thyroid a.

Question 27

Superior laryngeal a. Pierces the _____ together with internal branch of superior laryngeal n.

Answer 27

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 28

2nd anterior branch of external carotid a arises at level of greater horn of hyoid bone. Passes deeply into muscle of tongue.

Answer 28

Lingual a.

Question 29

3rd anterior branch of external carotid a. Crosses inferior border of mandible to supply face

Answer 29

Facial a.

Question 30

1st posterior branch of external carotid a. Arises close to bifurcation of common carotid a. Ascends to supply pharynx and tonsils.

Answer 30

Ascending pharyngeal a.

Question 31

2nd posterior branch of external carotid a. Passes deep to posterior belly of digastric m. Ascends to supply neck and scalp. Sends off muscular branch to SCM

Answer 31

Occipital a.

Question 32

3rd posterior branch of external carotid a. Supplies scalp posterior to ear.

Answer 32

Posterior Auricular a.

Question 33

Carotid Sheath contents:

Answer 33

1. Carotid a. (Common carotid a., internal carotid a., carotid sinus) 2. Internal jugular v. 3. Vagus n. (CN X)

Question 34

This nerve travels transversely across middle of SCM to provide cutaneous innervation to skin overlying anterior cervical triangle.

Answer 34

Transverse cervical n. (C2-C3)

Question 35

This nerve innervates infrahyoid mm. The superior root is from ___ fibers of anterior rami. The inferior root is from ____ of anterior rami.

Answer 35

Ansa Cervicalis C1 C2/C3

Question 36

Submental triangle Borders: Contents:

Answer 36

Inferior- Hyoid bone Lateral (R)- Anterior belly of digastric m. Lateral (L)- Anterior belly of digastric m. Mylohyoid m. Submental lymph nodes Small veins

Question 37

Submandibular (Digastric) triangle Borders: Contents:

Answer 37

Superior- Inferior border of mandible Anterior/inferior- anterior belly of digastric m. Posterior/inferior- posterior belly of digastric m. Submandibular gland/lymph nodes, marginal mandibular branch of facial n., CN XII, mylohyoid n., facial a./v.

Question 38

Muscular triangle Borders: Contents:

Answer 38

Superior- hyoid bone Lateral- Superior belly of omohyoid m., anterior border of SCM m. Medial- midline of neck Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid mm. Thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, trachea, esophagus, common carotid a., internal jugular v.

Question 39

Carotid triangle Borders: Contents:

Answer 39

Superior- Stylohyoid m., posterior belly of digastric m. Posterior- anterior border of SCM m. Anteroinferior- superior belly of omohyoid m. CN X, laryngeal nn., CN XI, CN XII, ansa cervicalis. Common, internal, external carotid aa., branches of external carotid a. All branches of veins -> IJV

Question 40

Emergency procedure to establish airway (cuts cricothyroid membrane)

Answer 40

Cricothyrotomy

Question 41

Creation of midline incision in trachea and insertion of tube to enable ventilation. Performed in cases of airway obstruction.

Answer 41

Tracheotomy (Tracheostomy)

Question 42

1st branch off external carotid a. Supplies superior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland.

Answer 42

Superior Thyroid a.

Question 43

Branch off thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian a.). Supplies inferior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland.

Answer 43

Inferior Thyroid a.

Question 44

Small artery occasionally found arising from brachiocephalic trunk or arch of aorta. Ascend anterior surface of trachea to supply thyroid gland.

Answer 44

Thyroid ima a.

Question 45

The superior thyroid and middle thyroid vv. Drain into the _____. The inferior thyroid v drains into _____.

Answer 45

Internal jugular v. Brachiocephalic vv.

Question 46

Excision of part/most of thyroid gland:

Answer 46

Thyroidectomy

Question 47

Junction between thorax and neck, lies superior to superior thoracic aperture.

Answer 47

Root of the neck

Question 48

The vertebral artery enters transverse foramen of ___ and passes up to ___

Answer 48

C6 C1

Question 49

Provides all parasympathetic innervation to neck.

Answer 49

Vagus n. (CN X)

Question 50

The ___ recurrent laryngeal n loops around ___ subclavian a. The ___ recurrent laryngeal n loops below and behind arch or aorta.

Answer 50

R R L

Question 51

Major lymphatic channel that drains lymph from left upper limb, head, neck, thorax, abdomen, lower limbs. Drains into left venous angle.

Answer 51

Thoracic Duct

Question 52

Junction between left internal jugular v. And left subclavian v.

Answer 52

Left venous angle

Question 53

Drains lymph from right upper limb, head, neck, and thorax. Drains into right venous angle.

Answer 53

Right lymphatic duct