G12 Larynx

Question 1

3 Regions of the Larynx:

Answer 1

1. Laryngeal Vestibule (area superior to vestibular folds)
2. Laryngeal Ventricle (area between vestibular folds and vocal folds)
3. Infraglottic Cavity (area inferior to vocal folds)

Question 2

The thyroid and cricoid cartilages are made of ____ cartilage.

Epiglottic, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages are made of _____ cartilage.

Answer 2

Hyaline

Elastic

Question 3

The epiglottis is anchored to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly by the ______

Answer 3

Thyro-epiglottic ligament

Question 4

Paired, minor, horn-shaped cartilage that rests on apices (top) of arytenoid cartilage within aryepiglottic folds:

Also, what paired cartilage rests above this cartilage within the aryepiglottic folds?

Answer 4

Corniculate Cartilage

Cuneiform Cartilage

Question 5

The Vestibular ligament is also called the _____

Answer 5

False Vocal Cord

Question 6

Paired, minor, rounded cartilages. Lie in posterior fold of thyrohyoid membrane = lateral thyrohyoid ligament. Not always present.

Answer 6

Triticeal Cartilage

Question 7

The cricothyroid joint provides _____ movement and tilting of ____ cartilage.

Movement of this joint (caused by cricothyroid muscles) helps to _____ the vocal ligaments

Answer 7

Anterior
Thyroid

Lengthen (increase tension of)

Question 8

The _____ run just posterior to the cricothyroid joint

Answer 8

Inferior laryngeal nn. (From recurrent laryngeal n which is a branch of vagus n)

Question 9

The vocal ligament is also known as the _____

Answer 9

True Vocal Cord

Question 10

Superior opening (inlet) of larynx

Answer 10

Aditus

Question 11

Space between vestibular folds is the _____

Space between vocal folds is the _____

Answer 11

Rima vestibuli

Rima glottidis

Question 12

In forced inspiration, the vocal folds are ____, the rima glottidis is ____, and the vestibule is ____.

Answer 12

Abducted
Wide open
Open

Question 13

In phonation (creation of sound), the vocal folds are ______ and _____ as air is forced between them; the vestibule is _____.

Answer 13

Adducted
Stridulating (tense and vibrating)

Open

Question 14

In forced closure, the vocal folds and vestibular folds are ____, the rima glottidis and vestibule are ____.

Answer 14

Adducted

Closed

Question 15

Aspiration of foreign bodies causes something like food to enter the ___ and lodge in the ____. May seal off larynx. Requires Heimlich maneuver or cricothyrotomy.

Answer 15

Aditus

Vestibule

Question 16

Contraction of posterior crico-arytenoid causes _____(action) of _____(structure).

Answer 16

Opening

Rima glottidis

(ONLY MUSCLE to open airway)

Question 17

Action of transverse arytenoid muscles:

Answer 17

Adduction of vocal ligaments

Question 18

The oblique arytenoid muscle helps to close the _____

Answer 18

Epiglottis/Aryepiglottic folds (like a sphincter)

Question 19

Action of thyroarytenoid muscles

Answer 19

Shortening (relaxation) of vocal ligaments

Question 20

Spasmodic closure of glottis. Life-threatening as breathing becomes impossible. May be caused by irritating chemicals, pharmaceutical side effects, etc.

Answer 20

Laryngospasm

Question 21

____ supplies upper larynx with blood. Is a branch of ____.

____ supplies lower larynx. Is a branch of _____.

Answer 21

Superior Laryngeal a.
Superior Thyroid a.

Inferior Laryngeal a.
Inferior Thyroid a.

Question 22

Superior laryngeal n gives rise to _____ and _____ nn.

Answer 22

Internal laryngeal

External laryngeal

Question 23

This nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 23

Internal laryngeal n.

Question 24

This nerve runs superficial to cricothyroid m.

Answer 24

External laryngeal n.

Question 25

This nerve descends to circle under aorta (L) or subclavian (R) and then ascends larynx.

Answer 25

Recurrent Laryngeal n.

Question 26

This nerve runs posterior to cricothyroid joint

Answer 26

Inferior laryngeal n.

Question 27

Injury to ____ causes sensory loss to superior larynx (may enable food to more easily enter larynx). Injury to ____ paralyzes mm ipsilateral, therefore paralysis of vocal fold ipsilateral (hoarseness of voice; bilateral-total loss)

Answer 27

Internal Laryngeal nn

Inferior Laryngeal nn