G Marian Counter Reformation 1553-1558

Question 0

Lady jane grey

Answer 0

Northumberland & ed attempted to change succession to save reformation. Mary defied the settlement took power in a bloodless coup. Northumb army surrendered

Question 1

H third succession act 1543

Answer 1

Declared mary edwards heir

Question 2

Religious sims

Answer 2

Refused to abandon latin mass or conform to eds changes. Ref of old church full cath ritual and papal headship

Question 3

Mary’s success

Answer 3

Ref=pop. V lil open opp. Leading prota saw her accession as gods judgment on their failuer & acquiesced in the new settlement or fled. Only4 bish cranmer latimer ridley hooper burnt for refusal to accept old relig. Marian regime avoided harsher methods -jesuits not invited to eng. no inquisition. Increaing persecutions of heretics in south east but merely to stamp out herey

Question 4

Repeal of prot laws

Answer 4

. 1553 parliament met& passed a statute of repeal = repealed act of uniformity(enforced1552 prayer book) all divine services& admin of sacraments to b as they were last yr of h reign. Several reforming bish arrested b4 session= remove pot opp from house of lords. undue speed freely given consent of parliament and not unduly vengeful toward prot enemies.

Question 5

Cardinal pole 1554

Answer 5

Empowered by pope Julius ii- pronounced solemn absolutism upon realm. Reconciliation than revenge. Reuniting w rome= issue- church lands confiscated n sold during h&e church prop- sacred. Pope demanded for return but politically impossible= powerful group

Question 6

Eng’s erastiam church

Answer 6

Retained extensive powers. Pope= spiritual head. 1557 violent anti span pope paul iv stripped pole of legateship- pop sent new legate to eng but mary refused and rejected his charge of heresy. Powerfulness of papacy.

Question 7

Index of prohibited books 155

Answer 7

3yrs later council proclaimed death penalty for those possessed forbidden books~ but few prosecuted and those convicted treated leniently

Question 8

Limited prosecution of protestant clergy

Answer 8

21 eng&welsh bish had grown to 26 by 1553. Only 7 deprived by 1554 (married) cranmer put in tower 1553 for offering publicly to defend mass estab in es 2nd prayer book. Only 4 suffered martyrdom hooper ridley latimer 155 cranmer 1556 having deprived position 1555 replaced by pole. 1554 bish told to return to last yrs of h = conformed. L

Question 9

London & worwich bishops

Answer 9

25% deprived due to marriage = much got livings back by promising to leave wifes. 40/243 lesser clergy initially deprived got livings back

Question 10

Return of catholic ornaments

Answer 10

Catholics hid them during h&e times

Question 11

Success of poles reforms

Answer 11

Improve quality of clergy. Set up seminaries in every diocese to educate and train new clergy. National legatine synod of clergy to encourage the clergy in the face of restoration. 1st decree of synod provided annual procession and thanks giving mass on st andrews day=anniversary of reconciliation of eng w papacy. Clergy to be resident to carry out pastoral duties=humanism=pole addressing complaints of 1520s. Increasing numbers of young men coming forward for ordination. Pole& mary ignored offers from jesuits. Encouraged preaching and sermons from clergy. Success= limited bcoz he was a dying man& archbishop less than 3yrs

Question 12

Seriousness of persecution

Answer 12

224 burnt. Policy implemented by bish bonner of ldn. Only4 bish executed none were of noble/gentry status. Concentrated on the sees of norwich&ldm. Foxe’s book of martyrs exaggerated accounts of burning during E. MARYS Policy- working leading prots had fled. those in eng silent and submissive

Question 13

Spanish marriage to Phillip ii of spain

Answer 13

1554 alliance with spain. M needed heir. 1543 act of succession claimed E as heir. Phillip= exercise no real power-no aliens (foreigners) to office. Not remove M from throne. Child would inherent low countries= secure&wealthy land empire

Question 14

Wyatts rebellion

Answer 14

1554. Kentish gentleman wyatt claimed to protect M from the unwise council ‘not against restoration of cath’ and merely against the marriage. In favour of E marrying Courtenay=ensure prot church. Anti spanish rumours created. =Failed - spaniards excited little hostility. News of conspiracy leaked jan 1554. 3/4 leaders failed to raise troops. Wyatt alone raised troop marched to ldn. M forces lead by earl of pembroke - wyatts retreat& capture

Question 15

Wyatts rebellion impact

Answer 15

Nothing of power and scale of pilgrimage of grave & failure indicates the spanish marriage and return of catholicism were not widely unpopular. Only limited punishment 330kentish men convicted of conspiracy and treason only30 executed. Wyatt killed april 1554. Jane grey& father killed. Courtenay&E imprisoned eventually freed. Limited appeal of rising= prot no headway 1554

Question 16

Success of mary

Answer 16

Despite loss of calais to french 1558 marian settlement remained unchallenged. Papal headship restored. Prot=limited progress. Eng=unwilling to countenance religious violence. Catholicism remained moderate& traditional. E settlement all but 1 marian bish resigned in protest

Question 17

Success of councillor govt

Answer 17

43 members. Paget cut down in 1554 = ‘select council’