C importance of H's reforms of church 1553-39

Question 0

The succession act

Answer 0

1534 only heirs of H were children by ab. Condemnation of aragonese marriage= official backing. Declared c princess dowager - mere widow of arther. Mary ••• illegitimate

Question 1

Act in restraint of appeals

Answer 1

1533 declared all legal cases spiritual or temporal in England could be settled in England

Question 2

Act of supremacy (also act for submission of clergy)

Answer 2

1534 king supreme head of church. Legal force to the submission made by clergy in 1532

Question 3

Treason Act

Answer 3

1534 treason could be spoken. Anyone claiming H not head of church= guilty of treason & executed

Question 4

Annates

Answer 4

1534 payments of 1st yrs revenue of certain greater benefices granted to H

Question 5

First fruits & tentths

Answer 5

1st yrs rev on all ecclesiastical benefices and an annual tenth= tax of 10% of annual value of all ecclesiastical benefices = financial exploitation

Question 6

Cromwell’s plan for dissolution

Answer 6

1535. Promised to make H ‘richest prince in christendom’. Sent 2 sets if commissioners investigate church

Question 7

Cromwell’s 1st set of commisioners

Answer 7

Accumulated wealth & income visiting secular (churches/cathedrals) & regular (monasteries/nunneries)

Question 8

Cromwell’s 2nd set commisioners

Answer 8

Investigate well being - corruption & spiritual degeneracy. People told that H wanted to reform not destroy

Question 9

Monastery reports

Answer 9

Fell short of high standards. Religious houses impoverished/decayed bad behaving monks,nuns,abbots. Only small monasteries= corrupt. Speed of operation= not genuine search

Question 10

Dissolution of smaller monasteries government bill

Answer 10

1536. Sent to parliament declaring smaller monasteries should be closed. H preserved façade of reformer whilst destroying.

Question 11

How were they dissolved

Answer 11

Larger ones began to be destroyed. Distinction between large & small forgotten. Houses made to pay fines. King and Cromwell offered pensions to those who acquired in the destruction

Question 12

2nd dissolution act

Answer 12

1539. 500 religious houses dissolved. Medieval artwork destroyed- turned into profit. Lead stripped off roofs

Question 13

Act for dissolution of the larger monasteies

Answer 13

Introduced to parliament. Members faced with Fait Accompli (accomplished fact) claimed abbeys appalled by their sins& voluntarily surrendered to king. Cromwell out manoeuvred parliament.

Question 14

Court of Augmentations

Answer 14

Influx of goods& properties cromwell had to set this up to deal with it specifically. Richard rich= chancellor of court

Question 15

Financial implications

Answer 15

Monastic lands sold off to clear debts = shirt term gain. 1540s H embarked war w France&Scotland = crown finances worse than ever

Question 16

Limited theological impact of dissolution

Answer 16

Prots did not believe purgatory ••• monasteries&chantries should not exist. H dissolved for money.

Question 17

The 1534 Act of Conditional Restraint of annates

Answer 17

allowed taxes on first fruits and tenths (of benefice’s income) to be transferred from the Pope to the King.