G&D: Ch.3 neonatal and newborn Flashcards
3 Prenatal Periods
Zygote (first 2 wks after conception)
Embryo (wks 3-8): all or none rule
Fetus (wks9>)
Embryo Milestones (wk3-8)
3-Layers: Ectoderm (NS, skin), Mesoderm (MM, Skeleton, Circulatory, Organs), Endoderm (Lungs, Urinary, Digestive System-Immunity)
Embryo Milestones (wk3-4)
Ectoderm folds = spinal cord & brain
Limbs develop proximodistal
Embryo Milestone (wk7-8)
Ossification - formation of bone
Fetus Milestone (wk9-12)
Sexual Differentiation
Fetus Milestones (wk17-20)
Adipose tissue & brown-fat
Fetus Milestones (wk21-25)
Lungs begin development (Surfactant)
Age of Viability: Life support needed if born
Fetus Milestones (wk26-29)
Neonatal Reflexes
Births During Weeks 30-32
Require thermal support
Teratogens & Affects
environmental agents that cause damage during the prenatal period (Zygote not as susceptible)
Illegal Drugs- irritable, difficult to nurture
Radiation- under developed brain, incr CA
Alcohol- (FAS) tantrums, irrational behavior
Tobacco- incr mm tension, low attention/mem
Reflex & Integration
Reflex- obligatory response to stimulus Integration- reflex is not predictable, allow more complex and mature neuromotor patterns to develop
REM-NREM disturbances
Often present with brain damage or birth trauma, Likely to be behaviorally disorganized
Infant Sight
Limited to seeing objects up to 20ft
Preterm Infant
Gestational age- wks (1st day of last menstrual cycle including 2wks prior to fertilization)
dating age of a preterm infant (<37wks)
Small-for-date: weight lower than norm (more problems than preterm)
Preterm Infant Characteristics
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)- lack of surfactant, Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), poor circulation (heart not fully enclosed), low m tone & vision, difficulty sleeping
