G&D: Ch 7&8 - Early Childhood (2-6y/o)

Question 1

Cognitive Development (Affects of play)

Answer 1

Make believe becomes more complex
- improved language, logical reasoning,
emotions (self-regulation)
Egocentrism: failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one’s own

Question 2

Conservation and Centration

Answer 2

Centration: focus on one aspect of an object, neglecting other important features
Conservation: physical aspects of objects stay the same even though their outward appearance changes

Question 3

Cognitive Attainment Of Early Childhood (2-4yrs)

Answer 3

Grasp conversation (reverse thinking, cause-effect)
Categarize objects (common fxn, hierarchy)
Language development (through make believe play)

Question 4

Cognitive Attainment Of Early Childhood (4-7yrs)

Answer 4

Realize make belief play is just representational activities
Replace magical beliefs with plausible expectations
Solve verbal appearance - reality problems

Question 5

Information Processing

Answer 5

Lack memory strategies = poor recall

Strategies are too taxing on limited memory pre-schoolers posses

Question 6

Metacognition

Answer 6

Coherent set of ideas and understanding of what would make themself or others choose falsy

Question 7

Motor Development

Answer 7

L-hemisphere maturates = verbal/linguistic
Improved COG (less top heavy) & balance (gross-moter) for playing sports, scribbles = pictures, and writing (fine-motor)

Question 8

Self-Understanding (self-concept/esteem)

Answer 8

Self-concept: set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who they are
Self-esteem: judgments we make about our own worth and feelings associated with those judgements

Question 9

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 9

Initiative: building a sense of autonomy and predictability about the environment
- can’t be attained if there is too much guilt
Promotes guilt: criticism, threatened, excessive punishment, no support

Question 10

Emotional Development (empathy,self-conscious)

Answer 10

Self-Conscious: linked to self-evaluation of one self

Empathy: feelings with another person & responding emotionally in a similar way