G 12 Flashcards
postulate
前提条件；假定为真
posture
姿势，姿态；故作姿态，装模作样
postwar
adj.战后的
potable
饮品，尤指有酒精饮料；适于饮用的
potation
n.饮，喝；饮料，酒
potboiler
n.粗制滥造的文艺作品
potent
a.强有力的，有影响力的，有权力的；有效力的，有效能的
potentate
有权势的人; ruler, person of great power
potential
a.潜在的，可能的
potentiate
激活，加强
pother
n.喧闹，骚动；v.烦恼
potpourri
n.混杂物；杂烩
potshot
n.盲目射击；肆意抨击；v.肆意抨击
potted
a.盆栽的；瓶装的，罐装的，壶装的
pottery
n.制陶；制陶工艺；陶器
pouch
n.小袋；v.使成袋状；将（某物）装入袋内
pounce
n.（猛禽的）爪；猛扑；v.猛扑，突然袭击
pound
v.猛击，连续重击；（心脏）狂跳，怦怦地跳
pout
（尤指撅嘴或板着脸）表示不悦
powwow
noun: an informal meeting or discussion
practitioner
职业人士
pragmatic
实用主义的，务实的; adjective: guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory
prairie
大草原
prance
v.昂首阔步
prank
n.恶作剧，玩笑
prate
闲聊，空谈; to talk idly; chatter
prattle
talk in an idle, simple-minded, meaningless, or foolish way; chatter, babble
preach
传道，布道
preachy
说教的（didactic）
preamble
n.前言，序言；先兆; introductory statement , preface
precarious
危险的，不稳定的；可疑的，不明确的; adjective: fraught with danger
precede
v.在…之前，早于
precedent
先例，前例；先前的; noun: an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time
precept
n.箴言，格言；规则; principle; law
precipice
悬崖峭壁
precipitate
匆忙的；促使，导致; adjective: hasty or rash; verb: to cause to happen
precipitation
沉积物，尤指降水；仓促
precipitous
非常陡峭的；匆忙的; adjective: done with very great haste and without due deliberation
précis
concise summary, abstract
precise
a.精确的，准确的，确切的
preclude
预先阻止；排斥; verb: keep from happening or arising; make impossible
precocious
a.早熟的; adjective: characterized by or characteristic of exceptionally early development or maturity (especially in mental aptitude)
precocity
过早（出现）；早熟
preconception
n.先入之见；偏见
precursor
先驱者，先导; something that comes before, esp. something that also announces or suggests something on its way
predate
提前；在…之前
predator
n.食肉动物
predatory
a.掠夺的；食肉的
predecessor
前任，先辈
predestine
预先注定
predetermine
v.预先注定，预先决定
predict
预言
predictable
adj.可预知的
predilection
爱好，偏袒; noun: a strong liking
predispose
v.使预先有倾向；（使）易受感染
predisposed
having an inclination or tendency beforehand; susceptible
predominant
a.支配的，占优势的，主导的
predominate
v.统治；（数量上）占优势，以…为主
preeminent
优秀的，重要的
preempt
预先占有；替换; verb: take the place of or have precedence over
preemptive
adjective: done before someone else can do it
preen
整理（羽毛）；打扮修饰；自满
prefabricated
a.预制构件的
preface
序言
preferably
adv.更可取地，更好地，宁可
prefigure
v.预示；预想
pregnant
重要的，意味深长的；怀孕的
prehensile
a.能抓住东西的，缠绕的; capable of grasping
prehistoric
a.史前的
prejudice
n.偏见，成见；v.使产生偏见
preliminary
a.预备的，初步的，开始的
prelude
n.序幕，前奏; n. an introductory performance or action preceding a later matter: overture
premature
a.早熟的，过早的
premeditate
预谋，预先考虑
premiere
n.（电影，戏剧等）首次公演
premise
n.前提
premium
n.保险费；奖金
premonition
n.预感，预兆; forewarning; presentiment
preoccupation
非常关心，全神贯注
preponderant
占优势的，更重要的
preponderate
v.超过，胜过
prepossessing
给人好感的，有魅力的; adj. tending to create a favorable impression: attractive
preposterous
荒谬的，不符合常理的
prerequisite
先决条件，前提
prerogative
特权，权力
presage
征兆；预示，预言; to foretell; indicate in advance
prescience
预知，先见; noun: the power to foresee the future
prescient
adj.有先见的，预知的; having foreknowledge or foresight, seeing the future
prescribe
v.开处方；规定
prescription
规定，传统的规矩
presentation
n.介绍；描述
presentiment
n.预感; noun: a feeling of evil to come
preservation
保护；保存，保养
preservative
防腐剂
preserve
v.保护；保存
preside
v.担任主席；负责；指挥
press
v.挤压
pressing
a.紧迫的，迫切的；恳切要求的
prestige
声望，威望
prestigious
a.有名望的，有威望的; adj. having an illustrious reputation: respected
presume
v.推定，假定；认定
presumption
n.放肆，傲慢；假定; noun: an assumption that is taken for granted; noun: audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to
presumptive
based on inference or assumption; providing reasonable grounds for belief
presumptuous
放肆的，冒昧的；傲慢的; adjective: excessively forward
presuppose
v.预先假定；以…为先决条件
presupposition
n.预想，臆测
pretence
n.假装；借口
pretense
虚假，伪装；自大，优越感
pretension
n.自负，骄傲；要求，主张
pretentious
a.夸耀的，炫耀的；自命不凡的，狂妄的; claiming or demanding a position of importance or dignity, esp. when unjustified; showing off, creating a deceptive, false show of worth
preternatural
超乎寻常的; supernatural, exceptional
pretext
n.借口; n. a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason
prevail
盛行，战胜; verb: be widespread in a particular area at a particular time; be current; verb: prove superior
prevalent
流行的，普遍的
prevaricate
支吾其词，撒谎; verb: to speak in an evasive way
preview
n.预演，预展；v.预演，预先查看
previous
a.在先的，以前的
prevision
n.预知，先见
prey
n.被捕食的动物；受害者
prig
n.自命清高者，道学先生
primacy
noun: the state of being first in importance
primal
adj.原始的，最初的；首要的
prime
n.全盛时期；a.首先的；主要的；最好的
primitive
adj.原始的，远古的；基本的
primordial
原始的，最初的; original; existing from the beginning
primp
精心打扮
principal
主要的，重要的
principled
having high moral standards
prior
adj.在前的，优先的
pristine
纯净的，质朴的，未被文明腐蚀的; adjective: unspoiled, untouched (usu. of nature); adjective: immaculately clean and unused
privacy
n.隐居，隐退；隐私；秘密
privation
缺乏，穷困; n. lack of what is needed for existence: deprivation, poverty
privilege
n.特权，特殊利益
probe
深入调查
probity
正直; noun: integrity, strong moral principles
problematic
adj.成问题的；有疑问的，值得怀疑的；未知的，未解决的; posing a problem; doubtful
procedure
n.程序，手续
proceeds
n.收入，实收款项
procession
n.行列；列队行进
proclaim
宣告，使…公之于众
proclamation
n.宣布，公告
proclivity
癖性，偏好; inclination, natural tendency
procrastinate
（因为懒散）拖延
procrustean
a.强求一致的
procure
获得，取得
procurement
n.取得，获得；采购
prod
促使…行动
prodigal
挥霍的；败家子; adjective: rashly or wastefully extravagant
prodigious
巨大的；惊人的，了不起的; adjective: so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe
productivity
多产，丰产
profane
亵渎；滥用
profess
公开表明，公开承认；精通于
proffer
献出，提供
proficiency
n.进步；熟练，精通
proficient
熟练的，精通的
profile
n.外形，轮廓；（尤指人面部的）侧面
profitable
a.有利可图的
profiteer
n.奸商，牟取暴利者
profit-monger
利益贩子
profligacy
n.放荡；肆意挥霍
profligate
挥金如土的，挥霍的；败家子；堕落的人; adjective: spending resources recklessly or wastefully; noun: someone who spends resources recklessly or wastefully
profound
a.深的，深刻的，深远的；渊博的，深奥的; very insightful, penetrating deeply into a subject; pervasive intense, “down to the very bottom”; at the very bottom
profundity
深奥，深刻
profuse
a.丰富的；浪费的; adjective: plentiful; pouring out in abundance
profusion
丰富，大量；挥霍，浪费; noun: the property of being extremely abundant
progenitor
n.祖先
progeny
n.后代，子孙
prognosis
n.（对病情的）预断，预后
prognosticate
v.预言，预示
prognostication
noun: a statement made about the future
prohibit
v.禁止；阻止
prohibitive
禁止的，阻止的；（价格高得）抑制购买的; tending to forbid something or serving to prevent something
project
方案，计划；凸出；预测，预计
projectile
n.抛射体
projection
n.突起物，隆起物；设计，规划；v.发射，投射
projector
n.电影放映机，幻灯机
proliferate
快速繁殖，激增; increase or spread rapidly or excessively
prolific
a.多产的，多果实的; adjective: intellectually productive
prolix
啰嗦的，冗长的; excessively long and wordy (of a person, piece of writing, etc.)
prolixity
noun: boring verbosity
prologue
序言; introductory part to a book, play, etc.
prolong
延长，拖延
promenade
v./n.散步；开车兜风
prominence
n.突出物；突出，显著
prominent
a.显著的；著名的
promise
承诺；预示
promissory
a.允诺的，约定的
promote
v.提升；促进
promotion
n.晋升，促进
prompt
v.促进，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的
promptness
n.迅速，敏捷；机敏
promulgate
正式宣布; verb: state or announce
prone
a.俯卧的；倾向于…的
prong
v.刺，贯穿；n.叉子，尖齿；齿状物
pronounced
a.显著的，明确的; distinct, strong, clearly indicated
proofread
校对
prop
n.支撑物，支柱；v.支持
propaganda
n.宣传
propagate
繁殖；传播，宣传; reproduce, spread, increase
propel
v.推进，促进
propensity
倾向，癖好; natural inclination or tendency
prophecy
n.预言
prophesy
v.预言
prophet
n.先知，预言家
prophetic
预言的，预示的; relating to prophesy, predicting, ominous
propitiate
抚慰，劝解; verb: to placate or appease
propitious
吉祥的; adjective: presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success
proponent
建议者，支持者; noun: a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
proposition
n.看法，主张；提议
proprietary
所有权；私营的
propriety
礼节；适当，得体; conforming to good manner or appropriate behavior; justness
propulsion
n.推进力
prorogue
v.休会；延期
prosaic
单调的，常见的; adjective: dull and lacking imagination
proscribe
禁止，排斥; verb: command against
proscription
禁止；禁令
prose
n.散文
prosecute
v.起诉；告发
prosecution
实行，执行
proselytize
（使）改变信仰; verb: convert to another religion, philosophy, or perspective
prospect
探查，勘探；期待，期望的事物
prospective
potential, in the future
prosperity
n.繁荣；幸运
prosperous
成功的，繁盛的
prostrate
平躺（的），使平躺；衰弱的，使衰竭
protagonist
n.倡导者，拥护者
protean
善变的；多才多艺的; adjective: readily taking on different roles; versatile
protective
adj.保护的，防护的
protest
v./n.抗议，反对
protocol
正确的礼仪规范; n. a code prescribing adherence to correct etiquette and precedence: convention; n. an original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction
prototype
原型
protozoan
n.原生动物
protract
延长，拖长; v. to prolong in time or space: continue, extend
protrude
突出
protuberance
n.突起，突出
protuberant
隆起的，凸出的
provenance
n.来源，起源
proverb
n.谚语
proverbially
adv.人尽皆知地
provident
节俭的；有远见的; adjective: careful in regard to your own interests; providing carefully for the future
providential
天意的，幸运的; lucky, fortunate, or relating to divine care (the idea that a deity has helped or cared for a person)
province
n.职能范围
provincial
狭隘（的）; adjective: characteristic of the a limited perspective; not fashionable or sophisticated
provincialism
狭隘性
provision
n.供应；（法律等）条款
provisional
临时的; adjective: under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon
provisory
有附带条件的；临时的
provocation
n.挑衅，激怒
provocative
adj.挑衅的，煽动的
provoke
激怒；驱使，激起; v. to incite to anger: irritate; v. to call forth or bring about a feeling or action: evoke; v. to provide the needed stimulus for: motivate
prowess
英勇，勇敢
prowl
潜行于，巡游以猎取食物，徘徊
proximity
n.接近，临近
proxy
agent, substitute, person authorized to act on behalf of another
prude
过分正经的人，一个过分关心自己是否得体、谦逊、或正确的人
prudent
过分守礼的; wise in practical matters, carefully providing for the future
prudish
明智的；小心谨慎的，审慎的
prune
梅干；修剪，修正
pry
刺探，打听
pseudonym
假名，笔名
psyche
n.心智，精神
psychological
adj.心理学的；心理的，精神的
psychology
心理学；心理战术
publicize
v.（公开）宣传，宣扬；引人注意
pucker
撇（嘴），（使）收缩
puckish
淘气的，顽皮的
puerile
幼稚的，不成熟的; adjective: of or characteristic of a child; displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity
puffery
n.极力称赞，夸大，吹捧
pugilism
boxing, fighting with the fists
pugnacious
a.好斗的; adjective: eager to fight or argue; verbally combative
puissance
权力; power, might
puissant
a.强大的，有权力的; adjective: powerful
pulchritude
美丽; physical beauty
pullet
n.小母鸡
pullulate
v.繁殖；充满
pulp
n.果肉；纸浆
pulpit
n.讲道坛
pulverize
将…研磨成粉；将…彻底摧毁
pun
双关语
punch
v.以拳猛击；打孔
punctilious
注意细节的，一丝不苟的; adjective: marked by precise accordance with details
puncture
v.刺穿，戳破；n.刺孔，穿孔
pundit
权威人士，专家; noun: someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field
pungent
辛辣的，讽刺的; having a sharp taste or smell; biting, stimulating, sharp
punishment
n.惩罚，刑罚
puny
微小的，弱小的
purchase
n.支点（阻止东西下滑）
purgatory
n.炼狱
purge
v.清洗，洗涤
purified
a.纯净的
purify
v.使洁净，净化
purity
纯净；纯洁，纯正
purlieu
常去的地方；临近的地区
purloin
偷窃
purport
n.意义，涵义，主旨; to profess, suppose, claim
purported
a.传言的，据称的
purposefulness
有目的，故与；坚定
purposiveness
n.目的性
purse
v.缩拢，皱起；n.钱包
pursuit
n.追赶；职业
purvey
（大量）供给，供应
pushover
容易击败的对手
pushy
a.有进取心的，爱出风头的，固执己见的
pusillanimous
懦弱的，胆小得令人鄙视的; cowardly, timid
putative
a.公认的，推定的
putrefy
a.使腐烂; v. to make rotten: decay; v. to morally corrupt
putrid
a.腐臭的
puzzling
让人费解的
pyrrhic
adjective: describing a victory that comes at such a great cost that the victory is not worthwhile
quack
骗子医生，江湖郎中
quaff
大口地喝
quagmire
n.沼泽地；困境; marsh, difficult situation
quail
胆怯，畏缩; verb: draw back, as with fear or pain
quaint
a.离奇有趣的；古色古香的
qualified
a.合格的；有限制的; modified, limited, conditional on something else
qualify
限定；使有资格，使有能力; verb: to be eligible for a role, status, or benefit by meeting specific requirements; verb: to make less severe; to limit (a statement)
qualitative
定性的
qualm
n.不安，良心的谴责; noun: uneasiness about the fitness of an action
quandary
困惑，窘境; noun: state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
quantifiable
adj.可以计量的，可量化的
quantify
量化，确定…的数量
quantum
n.量子；定量
quarantine
隔离
quarrel
v./n.争吵
quarry
采石场；目标，猎物
quash
镇压，阻止
quaver
发颤音
queer
a.奇怪的，反常的
quell
压制；使平静，使安静; v. to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity: pacify
quench
熄灭；使满足
querulous
抱怨的，爱发牢骚的; adjective: habitually complaining
query
v.质疑，疑问，询问；n.问题，疑问; question
queue
v.排队；n.长队
quibble
吹毛求疵；牵强之词，微不足道的差别或不切中要点的异议，小反对; make trivial arguments or criticisms, find faults in a petty way, esp. to evade something more important
quiescence
n.静止，沉寂
quiescent
平静的，静止的; quiet, still
quip
noun: a witty saying or remark; verb: to make a witty remark, to say in jest
quirk
n.奇事；怪癖
quirky
古怪的，独特的
quisling
noun: a traitor
quixotic
不切实际的，空想的; adjective: wildly idealistic; impractical
quizzical
戏虐的；疑问的，探寻的
quondam
a.原来的，以前的
quorum
number of member necessary to conduct a meeting
quota
配额，限额
quote
v.引用，引述
quotidian
每日的，平凡的; adjective: found in the ordinary course of events
rabble
混乱的人群，暴民，下层群众
rabid
狂热的，不冷静的
raciness
n.生动活泼
rack
v.使痛苦不堪，使受折磨
raconteur
noun: a person skilled in telling anecdotes
racy
活泼生动的
radiant
a.发光的；容光焕发的
radical
adj. marked by a considerable departure from the usual or traditional: extreme; adj. of or relating to the origin: fundamental
radicalism
n.激进主义
radically
adv.根本上；以激进方式
raff
n.大量，许多
raffish
低俗的; adjective: marked by a carefree unconventionality or disreputableness
raffle
垃圾，废物
raft
noun: a large number of something
rag
n.旧布，碎布；破旧衣服
rage
暴怒
ragged
衣衫褴褛的；凹凸不平的，不光滑的
ragtime
n.雷格泰姆音乐；a.使人发笑的，滑稽的
rail
怒骂，猛烈抨击; to scold with bitter or abusive language
raillery
noun: light teasing
raiment
clothing
raisin
n.葡萄干
rakish
放荡的，行为不检的; adjective: marked by a carefree unconventionality or disreputableness
ramble
漫步，漫游；漫谈，长篇大论（并经常离题）地说或写
rambling
漫游的；冗余的
rambunctious
喧闹的，骚乱的
ramification
implication, consequence
rampage
v.乱冲乱跑；n.狂暴行为
rampant
（植物）生长茂盛的；猖獗的，不受限制的
ramshackle
摇摇欲坠的
ranching
n.大牧场
rancid
a.不新鲜的，变味的
rancor
敌意，深仇
rancorous
adj. marked by ill will: deeply malevolent
random
随机的，随意的
rankle
激怒; verb: gnaw into; make resentful or angry
ranks
personnel; a group of people considered all together
ransom
n.赎金；赎身；v.赎回
rant
（尤指长时间的）训斥，责骂；怒吼
rapacious
食量大的，贪食的；过度贪婪的
rapids
n.急流，湍流
rapport
和睦，友好
rapprochement
和睦，友好; noun: the reestablishing of cordial relations
rapscallion
流氓，恶棍
rapt
狂喜的，狂热的；全神贯注的
rarefaction
n.稀薄
rarefied
verb: make more subtle or refined
rarefy
使稀薄; v. to make rare, thin, porous, or less dense: attenuate
rash
草率的，仓促的; adjective: marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences; imprudently incurring risk
rasp
v.发出刺耳声音；锉，刮削
raspy
声音刺耳的；容易生气的
ratification
n.正式批准
ratify
（官方地）认可，批准
ratiocination
推理
ration
定额供应量，配给量；按比例分配
rational
合乎逻辑的；理性的
rationale
n.基本原理; fundamental reason
rattle
v.使发出咯咯声；使慌乱
raucous
a.刺耳的，沙哑的；喧嚣的
ravage
v.摧毁，使荒废
rave
狂热赞扬；（发疯般地）怒吼
ravel
解开，松开；阐明；使纠缠，使复杂化
ravening
a.狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的
ravenous
食量大的，贪食的；贪婪的; adjective: extremely hungry; devouring or craving food in great quantities
ravish
使陶醉，使沉迷
ravishing
a.令人陶醉的
raze
摧毁，粉碎
razor
n.剃刀，刮胡刀
react
做出反应
reactant
something that reacts; a substance that undergoes a change in a chemical reaction
reactionary
反对改革的，极保守的
readable
adj.易读的
readily
adv.乐意地；容易地
ready
a.敏捷的，迅速的
reaffirm
v.再次确定；重申
reaffirmation
n.再肯定
realign
v.重新排列
realistic
a.现实主义的
realm
n.王国；领域，范围
ream
怒斥，训斥
reap
收割，收获; harvest, such as by cutting; gather; get as a result of one’s effort
reassure
使安心，打消疑虑
rebarbative
a.令人讨厌的，冒犯人的
rebellious
a.造反的，反叛的；难控制的
rebroadcast
v.重播
rebus
puzzle in which pictures or symbols represent words
rebuff
严词拒绝; v. to reject or criticize sharply: snub
rebuke
v.指责，谴责; verb: criticize severely or angrily; censure
rebuttal
n.反驳，反证
recalcitrant
顽抗的，不顺从的; not obedient, resisting authority, hard to manage
recall
v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回
recant
撤回，放弃，改变; withdraw, retract, or disavow something one has previously said, esp. formally
recapitulate
v.扼要重述; summarize, repeat in a concise way
recapitulation
noun: a summary (think of recap)
recast
v.重铸；更换演员
recede
v.后退；撤回
receipt
n.收到，接到；发票，收据
receptive
a.善于接受的，能接纳的
recess
n.壁凹；休假
recession
n. a period of reduced economic activity: stagnation; n. the act or action of receding: withdrawal
recessive
（基因等）隐性的，由隐性基因控制的；内向的，内敛的
recherche
a.精心挑选的；异国风味的
recidivate
回到原先的习惯，尤指重新犯罪
recipe
n.食谱
recipient
n.接受者，收受者
reciprocal
a.相互的，互惠的
reciprocally
a.相互地；相反地
reciprocate
往复运动；报答，回报
reciprocation
n.互换；报答；往复运动
reciprocity
n.相互性；互惠
recital
n.独奏会，演唱会，小型舞蹈表演会
reckless
不考虑后果的，大胆鲁莽的
recklessness
n.鲁莽，轻率
reckon
v.推断，估计；猜想，设想
reclaim
v.纠正，改造；开垦（土地）
recline
v.斜倚，躺卧
recluse
隐士；隐居的，不爱社交的; person who lives in seclusion
reclusive
a.隐遁的，隐居的
recoil
退却，畏缩
recollect
v.回忆；想起
recollection
n.记忆力；往事
recombine
v.重组，再结合
recommendation
n.推荐；推荐信
recompense
v.报酬，赔偿
recompose
v.重写；重新安排
reconcile
使和解，协调; verb: make (one thing) compatible with (another)
reconciliation
n.和解，调解
recondite
深奥的，难解的; adjective: difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge
reconnaissance
n.侦察，预先勘测
reconnoiter
侦察，勘查
reconstitute
重建，（尤其是通过加水）使复原
reconvene
重新集合，重新召集
recount
v.叙述，描写
recourse
n.求助，依靠
recreational
adj.娱乐的，休闲的
recrimination
noun: mutual accusations
recrudesce
verb: to break out or happen again
recrudescence
n. a new outbreak after a period of abatement or inactivity: renewal
recrudescent
revival, breaking out into renewed activity
recruit
n.新兵；新成员；v.征募，招募
rectify
v.改正，矫正；提纯
rectitude
正直
recumbent
躺着的
recuperate
恢复（健康或力量），康复
recur
v.重现，再发生；复发; v. to occur again after an interval: occur time after time; v. to come up again for consideration
recurrent
a.循环的；一再发生的
recurring
adj.反复的；再次发生的
recusant
n.拒绝服从的人
redeem
实践，履行（诺言等）；改过自新
redemptive
a.赎回的，救赎的，挽回的
redirect
v.改寄（信件）；改变方向
redistribution
n.重新分配
redolent
芳香的; adj. exuding fragrance: aromatic, odorous; adj. serving to bring to mind: evocative
