Fws-winemaking Flashcards
Name the 7 steps in Semi-Carbonic Maceration
a) hand-picked whole clusters put into the tank, b) free run is racked off, grapes are pressed, c) blend free-run and pressed wineds, d) traditional alcoholic fermentation, e) malo-lactic fermentation, f) wines racked off and aged, g) sulfur added, clarified, temperature stablized
free run wine undergoes what kind of fermentation?
traditional yeast fermentation
press wine undergoes what kind of fermentation?
enzymatic, anaerobic, intra-berry fermentation
Areas that practice carbonic maceration.
Beaujolais (Gamay), Roussillon and Languedoc (Carignan), Gaillac (Gamay)
What is pigeage?
punching down the cap of grapeskins that naturally floats on tope of fermenting red (??? only) wine
What is remontage?
pump-over
What is delestage
rack and return (maximizes level of extraction)
Describe the 7 most common non-standard bottle sizes.
Magnum (2), Jeroboam (4), Rehoboam (6), Methuselah (8), Salmanazar (aka Mordechai, 12), Balthazar (16), Nebuchadnezzar (20).
[mneumonic: Must John Really Make Such Bad Noodles?]
What is paserillage?
making of sweet wine by letting grapes partially raisin on the vine or The exposure of cut bunches of grapes to the sun in order to increase the concentration of sugar prior to winemaking
Which portion of the pressed wine is the least astringent?
the early portion
If grapes are not destemmed prior to the crush, what kind of growing season is optimal?
Long, so the stems ripen
What are the aromas of enzymatic fermentation during semi-carbonic maceration?
bananas, candy, pears, raspberry and cranberry
During carbonic maceration, when does yeast-driven fermentation occur?
There are two times for yeast fermentation. The free-run juice utilizes wild yeasts early in the process. A second yeast fermentation occurs after the free-run and press wines are blended.
During carbonic maceration, when does malo-lactic fermentation occur?
after the second yeast fermentation, before the wines are racked off of their lees into casks or tanks
What is the gist of carbonic maceration?
whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment prior to crushing [Wiki]
What color grapes are amenable to carbonic maceration?
almost always red [Wiki]
Name two grapes where malolactic conversion is not desired.
Riesling and Gewürztraminer (fruity and floral white grape varieties) [Wiki]
What property of alcohol allows remontage and delestage to increase extraction?
Alcohol is a solvent.
What is mutage?
arresting a fermenting must through the addition of grape spirit
How many bottles on wine are made each year in France?
7.5 billion bottles in 2005
What percent of French wine is designated from an AOC?
53% (2005, can be lower in more difficult years)
How can one block malo-lactic fermentation?
adding SO2 or sterile filtration
What is one effect of blocking malo-lactic fermentation?
preserve acidity
What is role of malo-lactic fermentation in the making of Rhone Valley roses?
usually avoided
What is role of malo-lactic fermentation in the making of Rhone Valley reds?
often used
