Furcation

Question 1

furcation distance: Max Molars

Answer 1

Mesial- 3.6mm
facial- 4.2mm
distal- 4.8mm

Question 2

furcation distance: mand 1st molar

Answer 2

buccal- 2.4

lingual- 2.5

Question 3

root concavitites: max molars

Answer 3

94% MB
31% DB
17% P

Question 4

root concavitites: mand molar

Answer 4

100% M

99% D

Question 5

position of interdental bone suggestive of

Answer 5

furcation involvement

Question 6

anatomical factor associated with furcation invasions

Answer 6

• cervical enamel projections (common)
• Furcation entrance width
• bifurcation ridges
• furcation and root concavities
• accessory pulp canals
• enamel pearls
• furcation restorations

Question 7

furcation arrows

Answer 7

• limited usefulness as a diagnostic marker of furcation invasion
• difficult in interpreting
• 40% sensitivity
• subjective observation

Question 8

diagnosis of furcations

Answer 8

• nabors probe
• generally overestimated when compared to surgical presentation
• absence of furcation arrow does not rule out furcation invasion

Question 9

enamel pearls/projections prevent

Answer 9

connective tissue attachment, possibly predisposing that area to attachment loss

Question 10

incidence of enamel pearls range from

Answer 10

1.1-9.7% (mean 2.69%)

predilection for max 3rd and 2nd molars

Question 11

treatment for enamel pearl

Answer 11

odontoplasty

Question 12

Grades for enamel pearl

Answer 12

1: is incipient
2: approaches but does not enter furcation
3: enters the furcation

Question 13

accessory pulp canals, repoted incidence range from

Answer 13

27. 4 to 76% in max molars

29. 4 to 63% in mand molars

Question 14

teeth initially diagnosed with furcation that were lost in 15 years

Answer 14

19 to 57%

Question 15

teeth without furcation that were lost in 15 years

Answer 15

5 to 10%

Question 16

study found what was best for removing calculus from rooth fluting and furcation roof?

Answer 16

flap surgery with R/P followed by use of rotary diamond

Question 17

Class/”Grade” (actually grade) furcation I , fixed by

Answer 17

scaling and root planing

Question 18

Grade II furcation will need

Answer 18

flap surgery, GTR on mand molars

Question 19

GTR has a positive correlation between

Answer 19

deeper initial defects and amount of clinical response at one year with treating Class II mand furcations