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POM Exam 2 > Fungus > Flashcards

Fungus Flashcards

1
Q

examples azoles

A
  • end in -conazole
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2
Q

candida albicans - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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3
Q

is antibody important in regards to fungi?

A
  • not really
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4
Q

paracoccidioides - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • endemic
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5
Q

candida (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • yeast
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6
Q

what part of the complement pathway do fungi stimulate?

A
  • mannose binding lectin
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7
Q

cryptococcus neoformans - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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8
Q

aspergillus - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
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9
Q

fusarium (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • molds
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10
Q

which endemic fungi are found in southwestern US and latin America

A
  • coccidiodes
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11
Q

which has banana shaped conidia

A
  • fusarium
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12
Q

risk factors for aspergillosis and mucormycosis

A
  • hematologic malignancy
  • cytotoxic chemotherapy
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13
Q

if something is septate, then it

A
  • forms a cell wall in between
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14
Q

the form of dimorphic fungi at environmental temp

A
  • infectious - hyphae
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15
Q

what are the most common molds?

A
  • aspergillus
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16
Q

risk factors for crytococcus gatil

A
  • exposure to plant debris
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17
Q

what else is located on the outside of the wall of fungi?

A
  • mannoproteins
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18
Q

which are aseptate

A
  • mucor
  • rhizopus
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19
Q

examples of echinocandins

A
  • end in -fungin
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20
Q

when thinking of CNS infections, what fungi should you think of?

A
  • cryptococcus
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21
Q

zygomycetes composed of

A
  • mucor
  • rhizopus
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22
Q

coccidioides (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • dimorphic
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23
Q

what cytokine is induced by fungal pathogens leads to

A
  • IL-12
  • IFN gamma production and TH1 responses
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24
Q

when thinking of germ tube assays, what fungi should you think of?

A
  • Candida albicans
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25
Q

paracoccidioides (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

A
  • dimorphic
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26
Q

why are antifungals more toxic than antibacterials?

A
  • because fungus are eukaryotes just like us
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27
Q

best for histoplasma diagnostic testing

A
  • antigen detection
28
Q

risk factors for cryptococcus neoforms

A
  • exposure to bird droppings
29
Q

septate hyphae have which kind of walls?

A
  • transverse
30
Q

Moa of 5-fluorouracil

A
  • inhibits fungal thymidine synthesis
31
Q

which are septate

A
  • aspergillus and fusarium
32
Q

innate immunity to fungi

A
  • TLRs recognize fungal cell wall components as PAMPs
33
Q

azoles moa

A
  • inhibit ergosterol synthesis
34
Q

what agar grows yeast

A
  • sabouraud dextrose agar
35
Q

what fungi do you associate with bats?

A
  • histoplasma
36
Q

aspergillus (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

37
Q

the form of dimorphic fungi at body temp

A
  • yeast form
38
Q

how do hyphae grow?

A
  • from the tip rather than cell division
39
Q

blastomyces- opportunistic or endemic

40
Q

cell wall active agents

A
  • polyenes
  • azoles
41
Q

which endemic fungi are found in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys?

A
  • histoplasma
42
Q

which endemic fungi are found in central and southeastern US

A
  • blastomyces
43
Q

Moa of polyenes

A
  • bind ergosterol and form pores in membrane
44
Q

fungal cell wall composed of

A
  • chitin and beta glucans
45
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
46
Q

beta glucan synthesis inhibitors

A
  • echinocandins
47
Q

mucor & rhizopus - opportunistic or endemic

A
  • opportunistic
48
Q

examples of pyrimidine analogues

A
  • 5-fluorouracil
49
Q

histoplasma - opportunistic or endemic

50
Q

other examples

A
  • pneumocystis
51
Q

examples of polyenes

A
  • amphotericin B
  • nystatin
52
Q

if something is aseptate, then it

A
  • divides without forming a cell wall
53
Q

risk factors for pneumocystis

A
  • low CD4 count
54
Q

what form is associated with the highest mortality which species

A
  • molds
  • Zygomycetes and Fusarium
55
Q

cryptococcus (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

56
Q

which endemic fungi are found in Latin America, especially Brazil

A
  • paracoccidioides
57
Q

histoplasma (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

58
Q

zygomycetes (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

59
Q

risk factors for candidiasis

A
  • surgery
  • acute renal failure
  • central venous catheter nutrition
60
Q

which are the most commonly isolated yeasts in clinical practice

A
  • candida
  • cryptococcus
61
Q

DNA and protein synthesis inhibitors

A
  • pyrimidine analogues
62
Q

coccidiodes- opportunistic or endemic

63
Q

fungal infections occur in regard to what with cell-mediated immunity

A
  • impaired cell mediated immunity
64
Q

blastomyces (yeast, molds, dimorphic)

65
Q

cell membrane of fungus contains

A
  • ergosterol
66
Q

side effects of 5-fluorouracil

A
  • bone marrow suppression
  • pancytopenia

POM Exam 2 (21 decks)

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