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POM Exam 2 > Bacterial Structures & Functions > Flashcards

Bacterial Structures & Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus & Bacillus are Gram ___

A

+

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2
Q

E. Coli and several spirochetes are Gram ____

A

-

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3
Q

bacteria name with sphere shape

A

coccus/cocci

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4
Q

bacteria with stick or rod shape

A

bacillus/bacilli

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5
Q

bacteria with spiral long hair shape

A

spirochete/s

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6
Q

staphylo-

A

cluster

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7
Q

strepto-

A

string or chain

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8
Q

diplo-

A

double

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9
Q

Example of Staphylobacilli

A

Staphylobacilli bacteria do not exist

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10
Q

Anatomy of a bacterial cell

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cell wall
  • capsule
  • pilus
  • flagellum

note: a bacteria will have a plasma membrane; composition or presence of cell wall varies; bacteria may or may not have capsule/pilus/flagellum

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11
Q

bacteria cell envelope

A

includes everything that s tethered to the bacteria cell from the cell membrane outwards

  • cell membrane (inner plasma membrane)
  • peptidoglycan layer
  • outer membrane (for Gram -)
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12
Q

Is the extracellular polysaccharide capsule a part of the bacterial cell envelope?

A

No

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13
Q

Gram + stains

A

purple

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14
Q

Gram - stains

A

pink/red

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15
Q

The only type of bacteria that does not have peptidoglycan

A

mycoplasma

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16
Q

bacteria cell wall contains

A

everything beyond the plasma membrane

17
Q

components of cell wall in Gram - bacteria

A
  • Thin peptidoglycan layer
  • outer membrane
    • outer leaflet composed of Lipid A
  • LPS (embedded in outer membrane)
18
Q

Where is the peptidoglycan layer in Gram - bacteria

A

between the inner and outer membranes

19
Q

Which group of bacteria have an outer membrane?

A

unique to Gram - bacteria

20
Q

LPS is unique to

A

Gram - bacteria

21
Q

What is LPS

A
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • bound to Lipid A
  • core sugars +/- repeating O-antigen
  • known as an endo-toxin
22
Q

Components of cell wall in Gram + bacteria

A

thick peptidoglycan later containing LTA (lipoteichoic acid)

23
Q

Mycoplasma spp.

A
  • No cell wall at all (just plasma membrane)

- Pleomorphic (many different shapes)

24
Q

Mycobacterium spp.

A

-Thick, waxy outer-membrane like surface containing mycolic acid and unusual sugars

25
Q

Mycolic acid is found in

A

Mycobacterium

26
Q

Does Mycoplasma have peptidoglycan?

A

No

27
Q

Does Mycobacterium have peptidoglycan?

A

Yes (recall it has a cell wall)

28
Q

Stain used for Mycobacterium

A

Acid-fast stain

Gram stain doesnt hold because of mycolic acid

29
Q

Capsule

A
  • Gelatinous coverings exterior to the peptidoglycan (G+) or outer membrane (G-)
  • Composed of polysaccharide
  • Protect bacteria from phagocytosis
30
Q

Feature of many bacteria that cause pneumonia and/or meningitis

A

Capsule

31
Q

Pili/fimbriae

A
  • Filamentous appendages
  • Composed of multiple protein subunits
  • Mediate attachment to host and bacterial cells
  • Permit exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells
  • Twitching motility & biofilm formation
  • Important feature on many Gram - pathogens
32
Q

Flagellum

A
  • Filamentous appendages, larger in diameter and longer than pili
  • Can be on G+ and G-
  • Composed of multiple protein (flagellin, a.k.a. H-antigen) subunits attached to a complex molecular motor
  • Important for locomotion
33
Q

Which two antigens are described in this strain designation: E. coli O157:H7

A

Saccharides in LPS: Flagellin

34
Q

Is Lipid A an antigen?

A

No - it is not recognized because it is not a surface protein/extracellular; it’s in the outer membrane of gram - bacteria just under the LPS antigens that stick out from it (the saccharides sticking out from LPS is O-antigen)

35
Q

Examples of encapsulated bacteria

A
  • Streptococcus penumoniae (G+)
  • Neisseria meningtidis (G-)
  • Haemophilus influenzae (G-)

POM Exam 2 (21 decks)

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