Fungi & Plants Flashcards
Fungi
Are heterotrophic eukaryotes
Where in the Fungal Diversity occurs secretion of enzymes that digest nutrients and acquire their nutrients by absorption?
Fungi
Fungi are what prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
They are eukaryotes
Does fungi form a separate kingdom in eukaryotes?
Yes they do!
Fungi are not plants true or false?
True
Fungi have —
Chitin cell wall
– same as insects
What does fungal bodies form?
They form networks of tiny filaments called hyphae
The most common body structures in fungi are —
multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts) Many grow as both
Yeasts in the fungi body structure does what?
inhabit moist environments with plentiful soluble nutrients, such as sugars or amino acids
What does Hyphae do in fungi body structure?
have tubular cell walls strengthened with chitin, a structural polymer
What does Chitin does in fungi body structure?
Chitin-rich walls prevent cells from lysing due to the osmotic pressure that builds up during nutrient absorption.
How do structure and function in fungi relate to their role in ecosystems?
•Fungi are diverse, widespread,and essential for the well-being of most ecosystems
• some are single- celled, though most are complex multicellular organisms
Fungi are……. That absorbs…… from……..bodies.
heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from outside of their bodies
Fungi use…….enzymes to………..into smaller ……….compounds
• Fungi use hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
The role of enzymes in the fungi?
enzymes can digest compounds from a wide range of sources, living or dead
How many roles does the fungi have in the ecosystem?
There are 3 roles!
The three Fungi exhibit diverse roles in the ecosystem:
– Decomposers break down and absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material
– Parasitic fungi absorb nutrients from living hosts
– Mutualistic fungi absorb nutrients from hosts and reciprocate with actions that benefit the host
True or false? Fungi Produce Spores in Both Asexual and Sexual Life Cycles
True
In some fungi, fusion of haploid hyphae produces a….
heterokaryotic stage containing nuclei from two parents.
What happens after the nuclei fuse? Question from the Point — Fungi produce spores in both asexual and sexual life cycles.
meiosis produces haploid spores.
Imperfect fungi
use only asexual reproduction for spore production. They include many species commonly called molds and yeasts.
A mold is?
is any rapidly growing fungus that reproduces predominantly asexually by producing spores, often at the tips of specialized hyphae.
Yeast
refers to any single-celled fungus.
True or false Sometimes haploid and diploid stages have different physical forms?
True
Fungi Are Classified into Five Groups
- Chytrids
- Zygomycetes (zygote fungi)
- Glomeromycetes (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)
- Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
- Basidiomycetes (club fungi)
• unique among all fungi in having motile stages in their life cycles; no other fungi have this trait.
• These motile stages take the form of zoospores, single cells with a single posterior (at the rear) flagellum.
• require water
• chytrids live predominantly aquatic habitats.
Chytrids
are fungi belonging to the Eumycota, the true fungi that form extended mycelia and diverse asexual and sexual spore structures. The ………………. are fungi that thrive in soil and dead plant material. They also have an exquisite taste for dung.
Zygomycetes
The symbiosis between fungi and plant roots, called a…………. (plural, mycorrhizae), absorbs essential minerals from the soil and makes them available to the plant.
mycorrhiza
• soil-borne fungi
• important microorganisms
• intimate mycorrhizal associations
with nearly 80% of land plants
• crucial in the initial colonization of the terrestrial realm by plants.
Glomeromycetes
Symbiosis
• Mutually beneficial symbioses between plants and fungi were crucial to the colonization of land by plants.
• Mutually beneficial symbioses between plants and fungi were crucial to the colonization of land by plants.
– These intimate associations allow plants to tap a vast underground network of fungal filaments into which water and mineral nutrients flow.
– Plants supply mycorrhizae with sugars and other organic molecules.
– At least 90% of all plants form such relationships.
Yeast – beer, bread, wine
Dutch elm disease is caused by a member of the sac fungi
affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles
Ascomycetes
Among other roles: recyclers of dead wood
Basidiomycetes